No abstract

О сновные проблемы, на решение которых направлены усилия современной селекцииэто полноценное питание людей, их здоровье, источники энергии. В России значительную долю среди овощей составляют растения семейства Тыквенные (Cucurbitaceae). Наибольшее хозяйственное значение среди них имеют огурец, тыква, кабачок, патиссон, дыня и арбуз. Плоды этих культур отличаются высокими вкусовыми и целебными свойствами. Их выращивают во всех регионах России, как в открытом, так и защищенном грунте. В условиях современного рынка потребительский спрос на овощную продукцию постоянно растет и меняется. Это создает необходимость наличия у селекционера генотипически раз-нообразного и стабильного материала, который позволит быстро удовлетворять требования современного производства. В мировой практике широкое распространение имеют гибриды F 1 , которые отличаются от сортов высокой выравненностью и урожайностью, а также способствуют защите прав селекционеров и семеноводов. Создание гибридов требует использования

Relevance. Pumpkin is one of the most important source of carotenoids for humans: β- and α-carotene, lutein and zeaxanthin playing a fundamental role in providing twilight and color vision accordingly.Results. Investigation of pumpkin carotenoid composition, Konfetka variety, revealed for the first time that this cultivar is the only one containing exclusively lutein in pulp with lutein and zeaxanthin in peel and lutein, zeaxanthin and β-carotene in placenta. Lutein concentration in pulp reached 11 mg/100 g, peel – 41.3/100 g, placenta – 51.2 mg/100 g. Zeaxanthin was absent in pulp and reached 28.3 mg/100 g in peel, and 10 mg/100 g in placenta. β-Carotene was detected only in placenta where its concentration was as much as 94.7 mg/100 g. The results indicate great prospects of ‘Konfetka’ components utilization (pulp, peel, placenta) in food industry, production of baby food and biologically active food additives, containing lutein and zeaxanthin.

The culture of unpollinated ovules in vitro in summer squash was used to develop fully homozygous breeding lines with the aim of the speeding-up breeding program. As a result of assessment for economically valuable traits, the seven promising DH-lines obtained from summer squash accessions differed by fruit shapes and colours were selected out. All breeding lines produced showed high homogeneity that retained in following generations and also have an appropriate set of economically valuable traits. DH-lines belonging to female type have up to 96% female flowers and only 4% male flowers. It is very important for breeding when the male flowers appeared in two weeks just after the female flower began blooming. The development of morphologically abnormal female and male flowers, along with gynandromorphy flowers was noted on selected DH-lines. During vegetation period from 26 to 36 flowers appeared on the plant, where out of them 19-21 ones were normally developed female flowers, 3-5 ones were normally developed male flowers, and up to 10-11 ones showed an abnormal way of development. The percentage of abnormal flowers stayed invariable when growing in greenhouse condition with high humidity and temperature as well as in open field condition. As it was shown the development of deformed abnormal flowers inherited and manifested in the following generation after self-pollination. As a result of the study, the occurred anomalies in course of male and female flower development in summer squash (C. pepo L.,) DH-lines produced through a cultivation of unpollinated ovules in vitro were described in details for the first time.

Summary.The new hybrids of largefruited pumpkin, Vega and Pervenets VNIISSOK F 1 , the large-fruited pumpkin varieties, Muscvichka, and zucchini cv.Kornishonniy are characterized.