Objectives - evaluation of the local function of the mucociliary clearance (MCC) in the postoperative period in patients with foreign bodies in the maxillary sinuses, who have undergone various surgical treatment. Material and methods. Using an original analysis technique for highspeed digital video recording of a microscopic picture of a specimen, obtained by brush biopsy from specific regions of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinus under endoscopic control, the MCC of the nasal mucosa was evaluated in the control group (n=60) and in the group of patients, who received various surgery (n=60) of maxillary sinuses. Results. We obtained the data on persistent and apparent local MCC disorders in the field of the surgical intervention in the postoperative period. Conclusion. Surgical interventions with access not in the area of the natural ostium of the maxillary sinus are more gentle, since they do not injure the mucociliary clearance in the key region - the ostium.
Аннотация. В работе описывается применение отечественного виртуального хирургического симулятора Asclepia в обучении отохирургии. Виртуальная хирургическая система, используемая авторами, является современной обучающей системой, в которой в условиях виртуальной реальности производятся диссекции и имитируются различные хирургические вмешательства. Система Asclepia отличается также созданием реалистичных тактильных ощущений при работе с симулятором, что в значительной мере дополняет процесс обучения и позволяет использовать ее для тренировки практических навыков. В итоге исследования обучающимися при помощи опросника дается комплексная оценка реалистичности симулятора, прогресса хирургических навыков при обучении на симуляторе. В результате работы с симулятором необходимо отметить, что знания обучающихся об анатомии височной кости значительно улучшились, у большинства сложилось определенное представление об отохирургических вмешательствах. За время прохождения цикла занятий на симуляторе резко уменьшилось число фатальных ошибок, более правильными и целенаправленными стали действия обучающихся. В результате работы сделан вывод о возможности значительного улучшения образовательного процесса в оториноларингологии и выведения его на новый уровень при постдипломной подготовке с использованием подобных виртуальных симуляторов. Ключевые слова: симуляционное обучение, виртуальная реальность, отохирургия, височная кость, компьютерные томограммы.
Objectives - to determine the necessary conditions for performing robot-assisted operations in the nasal cavity. Material and methods. We have investigated the movement of an endoscope in space by measurements based on high-resolution computed tomography (CT) data. A total of 50 CT scans of the paranasal sinuses were used for this purpose. The tomograms were randomly selected from among the patients of the ENT clinic of the Saratov State Medical University. The main parameters characterizing the movement of the endoscope in the nasal cavity under the conditions set by us are the magnitude of its linear displacement from the entry point and the angle of its deviation, measured in three planes - frontal, sagittal and horizontal, provided that the planes of these sections pass through the entry point during various operations. To control these measurements, we detected the displacements of the endoscope in space using an optical tracking system we made, as well as specialized software designed specifically for the purpose of optical tracking. With the help of this device, measurements were carried out on the skulls and their models, the silicone model for endoscopic examination K. Storz 723128, as well as during real endoscopic operations on the paranasal sinuses. All studies were combined into groups according to the standard protocols of endoscopic operations performed endonasally: Anterior ethmoidotomy, Posterior ethmoidotomy, Frontotomy, Sinusotomy, Sphenotomy, Adenotomy. Results. The main characteristics of the movement of the endoscope in the nasal cavity at a given entry point in the nostril area were established - its maximum linear and angular displacement during various types of FESS interventions for adults. The results obtained by us can serve as the main criteria for the development of a specialized robot assistant that holds and moves the endoscope in space during FESS.
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