The purpose of the work is to study the different parts of the brain of rats, subjected to gamma irradiation in doses up to 1 Sievert by morphological methods. The research was made on 270 adult mongrel rats-males weighing 210±10 g, aged 4 months to the beginning of the experiment, irradiated by gamma quanta 60Co range of 1.2 MeV once doses of 10, 20, 50 and 100 szv with a capacity of 50 cGy/H. The material was taken in 1 day, 6, 12,18 and 24 months post-radiation period. The material was fixed in 10 % formalin solution in the mixture Karnau. The authors studied the structural and functional organization of neurocytes on preparations by the method of Nisse. Protein was identified by the method of Bonkheg and nucleic acids have been identified by the methods Brachet J. L. and S.K. Shea. Contents of protein and nucleic acids were determined largest optical density by a computer program Image J. 36 b Wayne Rasband National Institutes of Health, USA. Material was processed statistically. The authors identified three stages of the reaction of nervous system to the radiation factor: early manifestations (from 1 to 30 days); expressed changes (up to 6 months), and recovery. Life expectancy of irradiated animals has no changes, but some fluctuations morphological characteristics may affect the quality of life of the population of the contaminated territories.

Purpose: Observe the changes in the structural and functional organization of the sensomotor cortex neurons throughout the post-radiation period. Material and methods: White male rats (120 animals) were irradiated on the “Hizatron» γ-rays 60Co single dose of 0.5 Gy with a dose rate of 0.5 Gy/h. Material taken away by 100 min; 5 hr; 1, 3, 7 and 14 days, 1, 6, 12 and 18 months after irradiation. Counted the number of neurons with different tinctorial properties, was calculated the nerve cell index, morphometric characteristics of nerve cells and content of nucleic acids. The obtained data were statistically processed, followed by mathematical modeling. Results: By the end of the post-radiation period the number of normochromic neurons decreased due to increasing the number of hyper- and hypochromic cells, as well as their destructive forms. In animals as the control and exposed groups values nerve-cell index decrease with age. In control and exposed groups of rats values nerve-cell index decrease with age. The dynamics of the cytoplasm shows a negative correlation with an index of the contents of cytoplasmic RNA. By the end of the experiment the content of RNA in the cytoplasm of neurons corresponded to the age control. Profile index of nuclear DNA in all periods of post-radiation is negatively correlated with cross-sectional area of the nuclei. The amplitude of fluctuations in the size of nucleoli of neurons was significantly greater than the corresponding figure in the cytoplasm and nuclei. In the period from 6 to 18 months post-radiation period RNA content in the nucleolus had a positive correlation with the index size. Immediately after the exposure indicator nucleocytoplasmic index exceeded the reference values, subsequently decreased, and by the end of postradiation period – almost matched up to it. Nucleolus-nuclear index immediately after irradiation not changed, in subsequent periods had a phase-change, but at 18 months matched to age-control. Conclusion: Research has shown that neuromorphological effects were nonlinear stochastic nature, and exposure to these parameters had no significant effect on neurons. However, some indicators are not always consistent with the age-control, which could affect their functional activity.