No abstract

Synthetic approaches to the phthalocyanines and their polynuclear and sandwich-type derivatives, bearing sulfurcontaining functional groups, are classified. Additionally complexes, possessing an extended π-conjugation system (planar and sandwich-type 2,3-naphthalocyanines) are reviewed. Principal application areas are covered. Special attention is paid to the formation of conjugates with gold nanoparticles -prospective materials for organic electronics.

This paper examines the city of London's immigration policy. The author analyzes the strategies and main documents of London's migration policy and statements of the city authorities, as well as the key problems faced by the city administration. The article analyzes the reasons that encourage regional and local authorities to actively intervene in the process of shaping migration policy and adopt their own strategies of action. The author notes that the views of the London Administration and the British government on immigration policy often diverge; in particular, the London Administration actively defends the economic advantages of a more liberal migration policy. Special attention is paid to the proposition of devolution of migration policy to the regional level, which emphasizes that the city authorities view the national policy as ineffective. The author concludes that there is a gap between the actions of the national and local levels of government. The logic of urban development pushes local authorities to prioritize the economic benefits of immigration, which in the context of restrictive national policies leads to an independent urban immigration policy. The article reflects on the impact of local political processes on migration policy and migration processes.