Due to the microbiological resistance of epoxy resins, their disposal after the completion of their lifecycle is a pressing issue. In this respect, the use of biodegradable rice and buckwheat husk derivatives as fillers may improve the service properties of epoxy materials. The results indicate that rice and buckwheat husks, as well as their ashes, can be used by soil microorganisms as a substrate. Compared to buckwheat husks, rice husks increase the biological activity of soil microbiota to a much greater extent. However, compared to rice husks, an increase in the temperature of obtaining rice husk ash leads to a decrease in its use by soil microorganisms as a substrate. This is associated with a decreased content of the X-ray amorphous phase and an increased amount of crystalline minerals in the composition of rice husk ash. At the same time, regardless of the temperature of its production, buckwheat husk ash outperforms buckwheat husks in terms of activated soil respiration, which indicates the possibility of microbiological disposal of buckwheat husk ash during its incubation in a soil. Epoxy materials, both unfilled and filled with rice and buckwheat husk ash, are not used by soil microorganisms as a substrate. At the same time, the filling of epoxy materials with rice husks leads to an improvement in their biodegradability. The biodegradation degree of rice and buckwheat husks, as well as their ashes, determines the effect of these fillers on soil respiration in the presence of epoxy materials.

Due to the growing use of polymer materials, in particular in construction sphere, the issue of their recycling at the end of their service life is particularly relevant. Being the base for flooring, plasticized PVC-compositions, are utilized by soil microbial flora, as the plasticizer EDOS has a positive effect on the microbiocenosis of the soil. It was shown that for aqueous extracts of samples of PVC-compositions, there is no toxicity for two test objects - infusoria Paramecium caudatum and crustacean Daphnia magna. Filling plasticized PVC-materials with natural wollastonite Miwoll 10-97 inhibits the processes of soil respiration, and rice husk ash and synthetic wollastonite on its base, contribute to its preservation. At the same time, the use of these fillers reduces the degree of utilization of plasticized PVC-compositions by soil microbial flora, since the plasticizer EDOS is adsorbed on their surface and becomes less accessible for soil microorganisms. This was proved by infrared spectroscopy and occurs due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between EDOS and rice husk ash.

Evaluation of the antibacterial properties of PVC materials used, in particular, in medicine, is becoming increasingly important due to increased sanitary and hygienic requirements. One of the ways to ensure the resistance of PVC materials to microorganisms is modification with wollastonite, the surface of which is activated by quaternary ammonium salts (QASs). QASs are known for their antimicrobial properties. The results obtained indicate that the basic composition of linoleum is somewhat more resistant to gram-positive bacteria than to gram-negative bacteria. The introduction of wollastonite into the PVC compound formulation increases the resistance to the studied groups of microorganisms. It can be concluded that the surface treatment of Mivoll 10-97 by QAS generally improves the bactericidal properties of the material. The results obtained are consistent with the literature data on the activity of cationic QACs in relation to gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Quaternary ammonium salts have the ability to be attracted to the outer surface of the negatively charged bacterial membrane due to the positive charge of their molecules.