The literature review analyzing national and international researches on health condition of children population and on factors affecting its development. It has been determined that nowadays the trend towards deterioration in health indicators of children and adolescents continues characterized by an increase in the prevalence of functional disorders and chronic diseases, a deterioration in indicators of physical development. Data on the influence of various factors on the health of children are summarized, among which a special place is given to intraschool factors and the regulation of the daily routine.