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A novel convenient acid-catalyzed acylation of enaminodiones with acylbenzotriazoles via soft enolization has been developed for the direct synthesis of hard-to-reach 5-acyl-3-oxy-4-pyrones. The important advantages of the reaction include broad substrate scope, mild conditions, scalability, and readily isolation of products by crystallization without the use of chromatography. Further modification of the pyrone ring and synthesis of various azaheterocycles via ring-opening transformation have been demonstrated for the preparation of potential scaffolds for inhibition of metalloenzymes.

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A novel transition metal-free approach for the construction of the benzene core has been developed through self-condensation of available enaminodiones. Functionalized acyl-substituted phenols and catechols were obtained in 29− 97% yields with high chemoselectivity under mild conditions. This base-promoted formal [4+2] annulation proceeds via cyclohexanone formation and involves the cascade transformation based on double Michael addition and aromatization (retro-Claisen cleavage and amine elimination).

Abstract. The development of information technologies in Russia and the prospects for their further improvement allow us to identify a stable trend of expansion of both functions of the corresponding automated information systems (AIS) and the spheres of their application. At the same time, many threats to information processes in the AIS are expanding, which in turn stimulates the development of adequate means and systems for ensuring the information security of the AS and methods for assessing their protection. It is necessary to assess the ability of the system to continue its normal functioning under the conditions of permanent destructive influences and to resist them, to adapt the functioning algorithms to new conditions and to organize functional restoration or to ensure functioning with a gradual process of degradation, possibly without losing the most significant "critical" information functions. The analysis and evaluation of reliability are needed to be transformed into the analysis and evaluation of survivability. Survivability can be considered as the ability of the information system to store and restore the performance of basic functions in a given volume and for a given time in the case of a change in the system structure and / or algorithms and the conditions of its functioning due to adverse effects. One of the system survivability indicators is the reserve of survivability (S-survivability) that is the critical number of defects reduced by a unit. The authors will consider defect as a unit of measurement of damage to the information system by adverse impact. U is denoted as the critical number of defects, then S = 1-U is the index of S-survivability. The article gives the definition of an analytical formula for the function of damage and risk.