Поступила в редакцию 03.11.2013 г.Субфоссильные спорово-пыльцевые спектры являются необходимым инструментом в палеоэкологических исследованиях, позволяющим усовершенствовать интерпретацию палинологических данных, уточнить реконструкции растительности и климата, а также расширить применение методов математической статистики. Российская палинологическая база данных субфоссильных спектров, созданная по инициативе Российской палинологической комиссии, предоставляет в открытом доступе в сети Интернет (http://pollendata.org) информацию по 430 (на текущий момент) спектрам для территории Европейской части России и Западной Сибири. База постоянно дополняется.

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The article presents the results of spore-pollen and rhizopod analyses, the study of botanical composition of peat and the radiocarbon dating of peat deposits of the Cranberry (Klukva) bog (Belev district, Tula oblast) and the reconstruction of changes in vegetation and climate in the Holocene. The obtained data showed that the spread of broad-leaved forests of oak, linden and elm on the NorthWest of the Central Russian Upland had begun around 7800 years BP (before present), and up to the last few centuries broad-leaved forests were the dominant component of the vegetation cover. Drastic vegetation changes occurred only in historic times as a result of human activities. In period 9500-7500 years BP climatic conditions were cooler than at present, and in the interval 7500-5200 years BP they were warmer and drier. A general cooling of the climate in the second half of the Holocene had included the climatic oscillations of the second order: a series of cold spells (

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Abstract. The Eurasian (née European) Modern Pollen Database (EMPD) was established in 2013 to provide a public database of high-quality modern pollen surface samples to help support studies of past climate, land-cover and land-use using fossil pollen. The EMPD is part of, and complementary to, the European Pollen Database (EPD) which contains data on fossil pollen found in Late Quaternary sedimentary archives throughout the Eurasian region. The EPD is in turn part of the rapidly growing Neotoma database, which is now the primary home for global palaeoecological data. This paper describes version 2 of the EMPD in which the number of samples held in the database has been increased by 60 % from 4826 to 8134. Much of the improvement in data coverage has come from Northern Asia, and the database has consequently been renamed the Eurasian Modern Pollen Database to reflect this geographical enlargement. The EMPD can be viewed online using a dedicated mapbased viewer at https://empd2.github.io, and downloaded in a variety of file formats at https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.909130 (Chevalier et al., 2019).