Острый риносинусит (ОРС) -воспаление слизистой оболочки околоносовых пазух (ОНП) и полости носа дли-тельностью менее 12 нед, сопровождающееся двумя или более симптомами, одним из которых является затрудне-ние носового дыхания или выделения из носа, а также го-ловная боль (в проекции ОНП) и/или снижение/потеря обоняния [1].По данным статистики, на долю ОРС приходится до 30% всех заболеваний верхних отделов респираторного тракта. При этом следует отметить, что истинная заболе-ваемость РС и у детей, и у взрослых неизвестна, так как в большинстве случаев вирусный РС не диагностируется в качестве самостоятельного заболевания, а рассматривает-ся как проявление острой респираторной вирусной ин-фекции (ОРВИ) [1,2].Исследования с использованием КТ и МРТ выявили признаки РС в 95% случаев острого респираторного забо-левания [3][4][5]. Среди основных вирусов-возбудителей ОРС называют риновирус, респираторно-синцитиаль-ный, аденовирус, коронавирус, некоторые исследователи включают в этот перечень и вирус парагриппа [1][2][3]5].Оригинальных исследований, посвященных опреде-лению роли респираторных вирусов в этиологии РС, крайне мало. Одно из последних выполнено под руковод-ством Е.П. Карповой А.Л. Заплатникова [2]. Авторами установлено, что в назальных смывах пациентов с РС чаще выявлялись метапневмовирусы и вирусы парагрип-па, реже -корона-, рино-и аденовирусы [2].
The history of saline nasal irrigation (SNI) is indeed a long one, beginning from the ancient Ayurvedic practices and gaining a foothold in the west at the beginning of the 20th century. Today, there is a growing number of papers covering the effects of SNI, from in vitro studies to randomized clinical trials and literature overviews. Based on the recommendations of most of the European and American professional associations, seawater, alone or in combination with other preparations, has its place in the treatment of numerous conditions of the upper respiratory tract (URT), primarily chronic (rhino)sinusitis, allergic rhinitis, acute URT infections and postoperative recovery. Additionally, taking into account its multiple mechanisms of action and mounting evidence from recent studies, locally applied seawater preparations may have an important role in the prevention of viral and bacterial infections of the URT. In this review we discuss results published in the past years focusing on seawater preparations and their use in clinical and everyday conditions, since such products provide the benefits of additional ions vs. saline, have an excellent safety profile and are recommended by most professional associations in the field of otorhinolaryngology.
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the state of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses in the children presenting with congenital cleft of upper lip and palate (CLP). A total of 23 children at the age from 9 to 16 years who had undergone the surgical treatment of the above malformations during the first year of life were examined. The comprehensive study including routine ENT examination, endoscopic examination of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx, and computed tomography has demonstrated that 50% of the patients with congenital cleft of upper lift and palate suffered the deflection of the nasal septum associated with hyperplasia of inferior turbinal bones. The children with congenital cleft of upper lip and palate were characterized by enhanced pneumatization of the anterior end of the middle turbinate despite the absence of well apparent differences between their paranasal sinuses and those of the healthy children, with the degree of pneumatization being consistent with the patient's age in both groups.
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