Одним из основных критериев биологической безопасности иммунобиологических препаратов явля-ется их стерильность. В статье представлена история разработки в нашей стране методов испытания иммунобиологических препаратов по показателю «Стерильность», начиная с 1961 г. и заканчивая со-временными требованиями, регламентируемыми Государственной фармакопеей Российской Федерации XIII издания. Детально проанализированы ключевые подходы по совершенствованию оценки качества по данному показателю, в том числе в отношении выбора оптимальных питательных сред и методик проверки их качества, чувствительных тест-штаммов и условий инкубирования, определения количества отбираемых образцов препарата, необходимого для достоверного подтверждения стерильности всей се-рии (объем выборки), а также по разработке схемы проведения испытания, учитывающей особенности производства и применения иммунобиологических препаратов. Приведена информация о многолетнем опыте использования разработанной в нашей стране схемы испытания стерильности Национальным ор-ганом контроля медицинских иммунобиологических препаратов ГИСК им. Л.А. Тарасевича. Представлен анализ современного состояния проблемы гармонизации требований к проведению испытания стериль-ности иммунобиологических и других лекарственных препаратов, в том числе с ведущими зарубежными фармакопеями, а также перспективы их использования странами -членами Евразийского экономиче-ского союза. БИОпрепараты. Профилактика, диагностика, лечение 2018; 18(1): 5-15.
The State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation (Ph.Rus.) requires a preparatory evaluation of culture medium suitability using the reference standard (RS) of the Mycoplasma arginini G230 test strain in order to ensure reliable results when testing medicines for mycoplasmas using a microbiological (culture) method. The RS retains the stability of physico-chemical properties and the certified characteristic value (titre) for one year if stored under the specified temperature conditions (–20 ºC to –30 ºC). Deviations from this range and transportation in ambient conditions can alter the properties of the RS and consequently result in biologicals substandard in terms of mycoplasmas. Experts from the Reference Materials Committee of the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO), the State System for Ensuring the Uniformity of Measurements, and the WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardisation emphasise the need to study the stability of RSs not only under the specified long-term storage conditions, but also with short-term deviations from such conditions. The aim of the study was to analyse the stability of the M. arginini G230 test strain RS under the specified long-term storage conditions and with short-term exposure to elevated temperatures. Materials and methods: the study used the RS of M. arginini G230 by the Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products and culture media and solutions required per the Ph.Rus. general chapter on mycoplasma tests (OFS.1.7.2.0031.15). The stability of RS’s characteristics, including the certified value (titre), was determined using Ph.Rus. methods. The experiment involved two testing regimes with short-term exposure to elevated temperatures. Control samples were stored at –20±2 °С. Statistical data processing was carried out by the serial dilution method using McCrady’s table with the calculation of the arithmetic mean of the most probable number (MPN) for the limiting dilution (titre). Results: as demonstrated in the study under the specified conditions, the RS retains its characteristics for a period exceeding its shelf life (for up to 16 months). The main characteristics of the RS remain stable after 30-day exposure to elevated temperatures (25±2 ºC and 37±2 ºC). The certified value (titre) of the RS decreases after exposure to 37±2 ºC for 10 and 30 days. Conclusions: the study proved the possibility of storing and transporting the RS at a temperature lower than 25±2 ºC for up to 30 days with no subsequent changes to the quality within the 1-year shelf life. The conditions of 37±2 ºC cannot be used for the purpose.
Preventive vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection is currently receiving close attention in the Russian Federation. Improving public confidence in immunisation with new vaccines largely depends on a guarantee of the absence of side effects caused by contamination. A high risk of contamination is inherent to biological products, including coronavirus prevention vaccines, due to their properties and the nature of raw materials used. This risk adds to the need for using effective contaminant detection approaches.The aim of the study was to evaluate the possibility to improve sterility testing of preventive vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection.This article presents an analysis of the procedures proposed by pharmaceutical developers for sterility testing of ten Russian vaccines approved in the country for COVID-19 prevention. The authors considered specific characteristics of these vaccines, including their physical and chemical properties, the presence of antimicrobial components, and other critical factors affecting the correctness of the experimental setup. The results suggest that it is possible to improve sterility testing. According to the authors, the main directions for its improvement are the proposal to develop an alternative procedure based on compendial method 2 (OFS.1.2.4.0003.15, Ph. Rus. XIV), as well as the use of a universal culture medium. If used for refining the established procedures and developing new ones, the authors’ recommendations will improve the reliability and applicability of sterility testing during both manufacturing and pre-approval regulatory assessment of updated coronavirus vaccines for subsequent release to the market. The proposed approaches can be applied to testing other medicinal products for sterility.
An urgent safety concern associated with biological products is contamination with mycoplasmas, which may originate from donor tissues and organs, virus harvests, culture medium components, trypsin, animal blood serum, as well as be transmitted by personnel involved in the manufacture of medicines. Currently, due to an increase in the range of biologicals available, there is a need for more sensitive and specific test methods. In the Russian practice, microbiological (culture-based) testing of finished pharmaceutical products for mycoplasma contamination is performed using complex culture media whose sensitivity depends on the quality of proteins, ingredients, and reagents used. Growth promotion properties of the media are determined according to the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation, 14th ed., using a single test strain — Mycoplasma arginini G230 (M. arginini G230 industry reference material). The aim of the study was to analyse current Russian and foreign requirements for the quality control of culture media that are used for mycoplasma detection, in order to update and improve the quality control procedure in Russia. It was demonstrated that a compelling advantage of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation is the possibility of using a semi-liquid culture medium which does not require special aerobic or anaerobic incubation conditions and allows for quantification of mycoplasma colonies and determination of mycoplasma titre in culture medium while testing its growth promotion properties using reference М. arginini G230 test strain. The analysis revealed some differences in Russian and foreign requirements for quality evaluation of culture media. These differences were taken into account when developing recommendations for improvement of the Russian test procedure, i.e. enlarging the range of test strains used and development of respective reference standards.
удк 615.371 с.м. суханова, л.В. саяпина, З.е. бердникова, а.с. Тихонова, В.и. климов Проблемы оценки «СтерильноСти» жиВых бактериальных Вакцин ФГБУ «Научный центр экспертизы средств медицинского применения» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, Москва, Российская Федерацияцель исследований -анализ нормативных показателей и методик, используемых при определении наличия посторонних микроорганизмов в живых бактериальных вакцинах. материалы и методы. в работе использовали материалы государственной фармакопеи ссср IX-XI изданий, государственной фармакопеи российской Федерации XII-XIV изданий, а также нд/Фсп на девять наименований живых вакцин. результаты и обсуждение. учитывая специфику живых вакцин, процесс их производства и контроля качества должен направляться на исключение возможности контаминации микроорганизмами, отличающимися от производственных штаммов. установлено, что в настоящее время в российской Федерации отсутствуют единая терминология для обозначения показателя и четкие критерии интерпретации результатов испытания оценки качества живых бактериальных вакцин при определении стерильности/контаминации посторонними бактериями и грибами. в соответствии с требованиями действующих изданий фармакопеи рФ выявление контаминации в живых вакцинах для парентерального введения рекомендовано проводить по различным методикам и критериям оценки (оФс «стерильность» и оФс «микробиологическая чистота»). проведенные исследования определили необходимость совершенствования нормативной базы в части требований к выявлению контаминации посторонними бактериями и грибами. рекомендовано в нормативных документах использовать единое наименование показателя «отсутствие посторонних бактерий и грибов». даны рекомендации по совершенствованию методик и требований к оценке контаминации бактериями и грибами живых бактериальных вакцин. разработанные предложения по гармонизации требований к оценке качества вакцин, содержащих другие живые микроорганизмы, могут использоваться при подготовке соответствующих нормативно-правовых документов (оФс, Фс, нд и др.).Ключевые слова: живые вакцины, оценка качества, контаминация, отсутствие посторонней микрофлоры, стерильность, безопасность.Abstract. Objective of the study -analysis of standard indicators and methods, utilized for determination of presence of contaminating microorganisms in live bacterial vaccines. Materials and methods. We used the data from the State Pharmacopeia of the USSR, 9 th -11 th editions; State Pharmacopeia of the Russian Federation, 12 th -14 th editions; as well as regulatory documentation/manufacturer's pharmacopoeial monographs for 9 items of live vaccines. Results and discussion. Taking into account the specificity of live vaccines, the process of their manufacturing and quality control must target elimination of the possibility of contamination with microorganisms that differ from production strains. It is established that currently there is no unified terminology for determining the indicator in the Russian Federation, as well as clear-cut criteria for interpre...
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