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A b s t r a c tThe most essential feature of promising varieties is their adaptability, i.e., an ability to withstand environmental effects, which reduce productivity. Adaptation under plantenvironment interaction, and the use of self-regulation mechanisms of yield formation and habitat-forming environmental processes influenced by plants take a central place in the evolution theory and plant breeding (Z.V. Andreeva et al, 2014). The review considers the adaptive potential of grain crops and the main concepts, characteristics and tasks of plant breeding for adaptability. The purpose of such breeding is to obtain the varieties with high resistance to unfavorable conditions. The concepts of stability, plasticity, homeostasis and resistance to stressors are discussed. In a broad sense, the genotypeenvironment interaction reflects plant response to any changes of the environment. In a narrower sense, the concept is used to describe the productivity change of genotypes in different environmental conditions. This interaction is crucial to increase crop production. The interactions and interrelations of genotype and environment are various and complicated. They greatly depend on genotype and a factor chosen as environmental agent or conditions (V.A. Zykin et al, 2005). A slight difference between genotypic potential and its phenotypic manifestation indicates a less response of a particular genotype to the environmental factors. Various methods are helpful to identify potential productivity and adaptability of the varieties. The estimates of adaptability and plasticity allow to determine reliably the differences among breeding material and gives an additional information to select valuable parental forms possessing adaptive traits. Special breeding methods which depend on environmental conditions and a phase of plant ontogenesis are necessary to create crop varieties and hybrids that have a good adaptability (A.P. Golovchenko, 2001).

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During the years of study (2015–2017) there were considered and studied parameters of adaptability of winter soft wheat varieties sown after maize. As a result, the productivity of winter wheat ranged from 77.6 hwt/ha (the variety ‘Polina’) to 83.9 hwt/ha (the variety ‘Kaprizulya’). At a most the productivity varied through the years from 52.5 hwt/ha (the variety ‘Kapitan’) in 2016 to 108.2 hwt/ha (the variety ‘Kaprizulya’) in 2017. The main feature of breeding on adaptability is to control ecological plasticity and stability of the varieties in the breeding process. The varieties ‘Krasa Dona’ and ‘Kaprizulya’ having 1.0 regressive coefficient are considered to be ecologically adaptable. The varieties ‘Lidiya’, ‘Kapitan’, ‘Lilit’ and ‘Volnitsa’ having > 1.0 regressive coefficient are considered to be highly responsive. The varieties ‘Lilit’ and ‘Volny Don’ are characterized with stable genotype (σd2 tends to zero). The varieties ‘Polina’ and ‘Volny Don’ belong to the group of varieties with high indexes of homeostatism, breeding value and low coefficients of variations. The varieties ‘Polina’ and ‘Volny Don’ demonstrate high indexes of stress resistance with the lowest negative values of differences among minimum and maximum indexes of the trait. The varieties ‘Kaprizulya’, ‘Lilit’, ‘Krasa Dona’ and ‘Volny Don’ are found genetically flexible genotypes, as they possess high correspondence degree between the genotype and the environment. According to the parameters of adaptability there have been identified the varieties ‘Polina’ and ‘Volny Don’ with stability, breeding value, stress resistance and high productivity.

The improvement of grain production is the most important global task. The introduction of new highly productive varieties of the leading grain crop, winter wheat, plays a huge role in its solution. The paper presents the study results of 80 winter soft wheat varieties of various ecological and geographical origin. Frost and winter resistance rise of the developed winter soft wheat genotypes today and in the nearest future is one of the main directions of breeding work. The preservation of highly productive winter soft wheat varieties varied from 0.0% to 78.3% at a freezing temperature of –19 °C. The varieties “Kaprizulya”, “Lilit”, “Zhavoronok”, “Lydia”, “Krasa Dona”, “Polina”, “Volnitsa” and “Volny Don”, developed in the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” have the highest frost resistance among the studied samples, they preserved 57.0 ... 78.3% of living plants. Grain productivity of the samples ranged from 6.36 to 8.90 t/ha in 2015–2017. The 16 out of 80 studied varieties reliably (НСР05 = 0.64 t/ha) exceeded the standard variety “Don 107” for this trait. Productivity of the best samples ranged from 8.14 t/ha (“СО 911”) to 8.90 t / ha (“Laureat”). The biological productivity of winter soft wheat varieties varied from 8.37 to 9.07 t/ha, exceeding the standard variety from 0.67 t/ha (“СО 911”) to 1.37 t/ha (“Laureat”). It should be noted that the correlation coefficient of actual and biological productivity was 0.84±0.06. As a result of the current study, there were identified the genotypes “Lydia”, “Volnitsa” and “Zhavoronok” combining high productivity, grain quality and resistance to low negative temperatures.