In 2016–2019 we studied ecological plasticity and stability by yield of five oil sunflower varieties. Estimation was conducted by two different methods that allow studying in details sunflower varieties by this trait. Calculation made due to S.A. Eberhart and B.А. Rusell’s method that all studied genotypes possess high ecological plasticity (coefficient of linear regression > 1). The variety Master appeared to be the most plastic (bi = 2.0). The varieties Skormas and SUR (С. 855) are the most homeostatic; their mean-squared deviation coefficients are 11.9 and 14.1, respectively. When cultivation conditions are worsened technological qualities of these varieties will be kept without any significant changes. Studying of parameters of adaptability due to R.A. Udachin’s method showed the variety Skormas is stable one, having a coefficient of resistance of stability index (R) equal to 42.9%. Less stable are the following varieties: Umnik (coefficient 25.7%), R-453 (Rodnik) – 1.9%; С. 855 – 33.2%. Calculations for the sunflower variety Master appeared to be statistically unreliable. According to our calculation of a parameter of ecological plasticity, the most responsive on improvement of cultivation conditions is the variety Master, having an intensity indicator (I) equal to 20.1%. The variety Skormas 32 with a coefficient I = 9.7% is less plastic in a range of the studied genotypes.

The variety Aladdin is the new confectionary sunflower variety. It is developed in the laboratory of OP-sunflower breeding jointly with the laboratory of genetic at the V.S. Pustovoit AllRussian Research Institute of Oil Crops in 2014– 2020. It is developed by crossing plants of a line VK 1-imi (Imr Imr) used as a maternal form and a pollen mixture of an early maturing confectionary sunflower variety, with the further treatment by the herbicide Euro-Lightning. Later, there were conducted a multiple individual selection and estimation in progenies of families that were the best by their morphometric and economically valuable traits, tolerance to broomrape races E, F, and G and to downy mildew. The variety belongs to the middle maturity group, confectionary type. The major features of the cultivar Aladdin are its resistance to imi-herbicides, high productivity, tolerance to the main races of broomrape and downy mildew, increased level of autofertility. The variety is suitable for cultivation by Clearfield (BASF) technology. It is uniformed by plants height, flowering and maturing. A period emergence – physiological maturity is equal to 97–99 days. Weight of 1000 seeds at plant population of 25–30 thousand plants/ha exceeds 130 g.

Ключевые слова: подсолнечник, сорта, экологическое испытание, экологическая стабильность. В результате экологического сортоиспытания сортов подсолнечника селекции центральной экспериментальной базы (ЦЭБ) ФГБНУ ФНЦ ВНИИМК в 2017 и 2018 гг. в трех пунктах (АОС-филиал Армавирской опытной станции ФГБНУ ФНЦ ВНИИМК, СОС-филиал Сибирской опытной станции ФГБНУ ФНЦ ВНИИМК и на ЦЭБ ФГБНУ ФНЦ ВНИИМК) получены экспериментальные данные, характеризующие новые перспективные сорта подсолнечника по основным хозяйственно ценным признакам. Высокую урожайность в пунктах испытаний показали новые сорта кондитерского типа С-848 (2,63-3,81 т/га), Караван (2,76-3,70 т/га) и Белочка (2,29-3,56 т/га). Новый сорт масличного типа С-847 в пунктах испытаний по урожайности и массе 1000 семян также показал высокую экологическую стабильность. Масличный сорт подсолнечника Платоныч, устойчивый к комплексу рас ложной мучнистой росы, при испытании на ЦЭБ и Армавирской опытной станции показал высокую продуктивность. В кондитерской группе по основному признаку масса 1000 семян выделились сорта С-848, Белочка и Караван.

The purpose of the work was to develop forms of confectionary sunflower resistant to broomrape race G on artificial infection background both in fields and greenhouses and artificial climate chambers. The researches were conducted in V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, Krasnodar, Russia, in 2019–2021. A line RG (Or7) was used as a donor of gen of resistance to broomrape race G. The confectionary sunflower variety SPK plus was a recipient. Using methods of hybridization, back-crosses and group interpollination, on severe infection background, a sunflower population resistant to the aggressive broomrape race was develop for the further breeding of confectionary sunflower varieties. These methods allowed increasing resistance step-by-step while maintaining high polymorphism that makes it possible to continue breeding of confectionary sunflower varieties for the further rise of productivity.

We studied the environmental plasticity and stability of sunflower varieties Belochka and Skormas as an important stage in ecological variety trials. The data obtained during the research allow us to draw a conclusion on the response of crop varieties to various agro-climatic cultivation conditions by three points of the study. The studies carried out to compare the adaptability parameters of the sunflower varieties Belochka and Skormas at V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops (Krasnodar city district) – CES, the Armavir experimental station – AES (Armavir city district), Siberian experimental station – SES (Isilkul, the Omsk region) made it possible to establish that the studied sunflower varieties have sufficient plasticity by all test points. At the same time, we established that the variety Skormas at the CES and the variety Belochka at the AES had the highest yield stability.