No abstract

Triticale is the high-yielding grain crop, resistant to the complex of the abiotical and biotic environmental factors, which combines biological fullmouthed of the rye protein complex with uniquely wheat backing properties. The aim of these researches is to make the comparative analysis of forming the productive qualities of spring triticale and spring wheat in the Middle Priamurye conditions. The grain quality is provided by a number of features, which determined by hereditary factors and a complex of edaphoclimatic factors and agrotechnical conditions. Some grain quality features of the spring triticale and wheat vary with different limits depending on the genotype and environmental conditions. Sort of the spring triticale Ukro and divided into districts sort of the spring soft wheat Khabarovchanka are the object of researches. In fact their productivity potential realizes in like manner – 1,4-3,3 t/ha in the Middle Priamurye conditions. In vegetation period providing with warmth renders the most influence on forming  the qualitative and  technological features of these cultures. Moreover, need in warmth and moisture is diametrically opposite of spring wheat and spring triticale. The spring triticale sort Ukro excels the spring wheat sort Khabarovchanka by mass of 1000 grains, output of meal of the first sort, relation of  elasticity to tensility and gluten quality. The accumulation of lysine in spring triticale protein is more on 160 mg/% than in protein of spring wheat. Technological indexes of grain quality testifies to suitableness and perspectivity of triticale meal use in baking of bread industry.

Aim. In regions where farming is risky it is especially important to grow crops with high productivity and optimal adaptability to environmental stress factors. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to determine the environmental sustainability of spring triticale cultivars to the unfavourable environmental factors of the Middle Amur Region.Material and Methods. Many statistical and mathematical methods were used to determine the adaptiveness of potential spring triticale cultivars by yield. As re‐search material, we used 40 cultivars and breeding lines of spring triticale of various ecological and geographical origins.Results. Using cluster analysis, triticale samples were ranked into 5 groups with differing responses to the spectrum of changes in environmental conditions. As a result of this research, it was established that the Skoryi (Russia) and Viktoria (Ukraine) cultivars achieve maximum yield potential as well as having an ability to neutralize the negative impact of soil and climatic factors.Conclusion. The reaction of triticale cultivars to specific vegetation conditions was established. Exemplars of spring triticale with high environmental sustainability, ductility and stability for economic use and further breeding were identified.

The improvement of high-quality grain production remains the most important task for the entire agricultural sector of Russia, including the Far Eastern region. Productivity and grain quality improvement can be achieved by various technical and organizational methods and the correct selection of varieties that are most adapted to environmental conditions. The purpose of the study is to develop a new spring soft wheat variety with high indicators of productivity and grain quality, resistant to unfavorable biotic and abiotic environmental factors and adapted to the conditions of the Far Eastern region. The paper gives the information on the methods of development, the initial parental components, the traits and properties of the new spring wheat variety ‘Anfeya’, submitted to the State Variety Testing and intended for cultivation in the Far Eastern region. This is a variety of a new generation which successfully combines such traits as high productivity, grain quality, coarse grain, immunity to the main common diseases in this ecological zone and resistance to abiotic environmental stressors. The average productivity of the variety ‘Anfeya’ was 3.9 t/ha over the years of competitive testing (2016–2018) with its maximum 5.5 t/ha. The increase to the standard variety ‘Khabarovchanka’ was 1.0 and 2.1 t/ha, respectively. High productivity of the new variety has been provided by an increased grain size. The genetic potential of the promising spring soft wheat variety contributes to the formation of a large protein percentage. According to nutritional value, rheological properties of the dough, technological and baking indicators of grain quality, the new variety ‘Anfeya’ belongs to strong wheats.

To increase the efficiency of creating new source material adapted for the Far Eastern region agroecological conditions the breeding value of the spring triticale collection samples was studied. The indicators of breeding value (Bv), breeding index (Si) and breeding index of the genotypes value (Siv) are calculated by grain yield. During the years of research weather patterns are noted – lack of heat and moisture at the beginning of plant vegetation and overwetting in the second half of the growing season. The yield level varied greatly during the years of research from 10.2 c/hа (Lailak bogari (Tajikistan)) in 2018 to 97.4 с/ha (Wanad (Poland)) in 2017. It has been established that the spring triticale variety Gabo (Poland) stably realizes its genetic potential in combination with high environmental resistance to limited environmental factors. It was revealed that the main structural elements of productivity in collection samples of spring triticale substantially depend on the hydrothermal regime of vegetation. A promising variety Kvadro (Russia) was selected, which forms the optimal grain yield due to high rates of seed weight per ear and their grain size. Under favorable conditions, all triticale samples accumulate 15...18% protein in the grain, but the deterioration of the growing conditions its amount decreases to 13...14%. Samples Crato (Portugal), Taurus (Great Britain), IT 7 (71/72) – Armadillo (Portugal) are characterized by a high amount of the essential amino acid lysine in the grain – more than 500 mg/%. Absolute resistance to lodging varieties are Kargo (Poland), Alamos (Tcl. 84) (Mexico), Amigo (Russia), Quadro (Russia), Breakwell (Australia), Ardi 1 / Topo 1419 // Erizo 9/4 (Mexico) , Ardi 1 / Topo 1419 // Erizo 9/3 (Mexico). Selected collection samples of spring triticale are recommended for further breeding work to create a new source material adapted to the conditions of the Far Eastern region.