Ïøåíèöÿ çà ïîñ³âíèìè ïëîùàìè ñåðåä çåðíîâèõ êóëüòóð ïîñ³äຠâ Óêðà¿í³ ïåðøå ì³ñöå ³ º îñíîâíîþ ïðîäîâîëü÷îþ êóëüòó-ðîþ. Öå ñâ³ä÷èòü ïðî ¿¿ âåëèêå ãîñïîäàð-ñüêå çíà÷åííÿ òà çíà÷íó ðîëü ó çàáåçïå÷åí-í³ íàñåëåííÿ âèñîêîÿê³ñíèìè ïðîäóêòàìè õàð÷óâàííÿ. Çà îáñÿãàìè âèðîáíèöòâà çåð-íà ïøåíèö³ (26,5 ìëí ò ó 2015 ð.), Óêðà¿íà ïåðåáóâàëà íà âîñüìîìó, à çà îáñÿãàìè éîãî åêñïîðòó (ïîíàä 16,0 ìëí ò ó 2015/16 ðð.) -íà øîñòîìó ì³ñö³ ó ñâ³ò³ [1]. Òîìó ï³äâèùåííÿ âðîaeàéíîñò³ òà ÿêîñò³ çåðíà ö³º¿ êóëüòóðè ìຠçàãàëüíîäåðaeàâíå çíà÷åííÿ.Ó ñó÷àñíèõ óìîâàõ âåäåííÿ ñ³ëüñüêîãî ãîñ-ïîäàðñòâà, çîêðåìà äëÿ îòðèìàííÿ êîíêó-ðåíòîñïðîìîaeíîãî ÿê³ñíîãî çåðíà íà âíó-òð³øíüîìó é çîâí³øíüîìó ðèíêàõ, âåëèêå çíà÷åííÿ ìຠâèêîðèñòàííÿ òåõíîëîã³é âè-ðîùóâàííÿ çåðíîâèõ êóëüòóð, ÿê³ ðîçêðèâà-þòü ¿õ á³îëîã³÷íèé ïîòåíö³àë.Ãåíåòè÷íèé ïîòåíö³àë óðîaeàéíîñò³ ñîðò³â ïøå íèö³ îçèìî¿ º äóaeå âèñîêèì -10,0-12,0 ò/ãà çåðíà [2]. Íåïîâíà éîãî ðåàë³çàö³ÿ, íåäîñòàòíº çàáåçïå÷åííÿ ðîñëèí ïîaeèâíèìè ìàêðî-é ì³êðîåëåìåíòàìè, óðàaeåí³ñòü õâî-ðîáàìè òà ïîøêîäaeåííÿ øê³äíèêàìè íåãà-òèâíî âïëèâàþòü íà âðîaeàéí³ñòü òà ÿê³ñòü çåðíà ö³º¿ êóëüòóðè. Ñåðåäíÿ ¿¿ âðîaeàéí³ñòü ó ãîñïîäàðñòâàõ ˳ñîñòåïó òà Ïîë³ññÿ ñòàíî-âèòü ëèøå 2,5-3,0 ò/ãà. Âèðîáíèöòâî çàáåç-ïå÷åíå âèñîêîïðîäóêòèâíèìè ñîðòàìè ïøå-íèö³ îçèìî¿, çäàòíèìè çà îïòèìàëüíèõ óìîâ âèðîùóâàííÿ ñôîðìóâàòè âèñîêîÿê³ñíå çåð-íî, àëå ÿê³ñòü çåðíà çàëèøàºòüñÿ íèçüêîþ [3, 4]. Âì³ñò á³ëêà â çåðí³ íà 70% çàëåaeèòü â³ä óìîâ âèðîùóâàííÿ ³ íà 30% -â³ä ñîðòîâèõ îñîáëèâîñòåé [4, 5]. Çàñòîñóâàííÿ àäàïòèâíèõ ³íòåíñèâíèõ òåõíîëîã³é âèðîùóâàííÿ ïøåíè-ö³ îçèìî¿ äຠìîaeëèâ³ñòü îòðèìóâàòè âèñî-êîÿê³ñíå êîíêóðåíòîñïðîìîaeíå çåðíî [6][7][8].Âàaeëèâå çíà÷åííÿ äëÿ äîñÿãíåííÿ âèñî-êî¿ åêîíîì³÷íî¿ åôåêòèâíîñò³ ìຠâèðîùó-âàííÿ ïøåíèö³ îçèìî¿ ç âèñîêèìè ïîêàçíè-êàìè ÿêîñò³ çã³äíî ç âèìîãàìè ÷èííèõ íà-ö³îíàëüíèõ òà ì³aeíàðîäíèõ ñòàíäàðò³â ç óðàõóâàííÿì ïàðàìåòð³â ãðàíè÷íî äîïóñòè-ìèõ êîíöåíòðàö³é øê³äëèâèõ ðå÷îâèí. Çã³ä-íî ç äåðaeàâíèì ñòàíäàðòîì (ÄÑÒÓ 3768:2010) Ìåòà. Ðîçðîáèòè òà óäîñêîíàëèòè àäàïòèâí³ òåõíîëî㳿 âèðîùóâàííÿ ïøåíèö³ îçèìî¿, ÿê³ çàáåçïå÷óþòü âèñî-êó ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü òà ÿê³ñòü çåðíà. Ìåòîäè. Ïîëüîâ³, ëàáîðàòîðí³ äîñë³äaeåííÿ, ìàòåìàòè÷íî-ñòàòèñòè÷íèé àíàë³ç. Ðåçóëüòàòè. Ïðîòÿãîì 2011-2015 ðð. âèâ÷àëè âïëèâ òåõíîëîã³é âèðîùóâàííÿ íà ôîðìóâàííÿ âðîaeàþ òà ÿêîñò³ çåð-íà ïøåíèö³ îçèìî¿ ñîðòó 'Ñòîëè÷íà' (ïîïåðåäíèê -ãîðîõ). Çà àëüòåðíàòèâíèõ òåõíîëîã³é, ÿê³ ïåðåäáà÷àëè âíåñåí-íÿ ò³ëüêè ïîá³÷íî¿ ïðîäóêö³¿ ïîïåðåäíèêà, âðîaeàéí³ñòü ïøåíèö³ îçèìî¿ ñòàíîâèëà çà ³íòåãðîâàíî¿ ñèñòåìè çàõèñòó 4,56 ò/ãà, çà ì³í³ìàëüíî¿ -4,25 ò/ãà çåðíà 5-ãî êëàñó ãðóïè Á. Ðåñóðñîîùàäí³ òåõíîëî㳿 âèðîùóâàííÿ ç îáìåaeåíèì âèêîðèñòàííÿì äîáðèâ (Ð 45 Ê 45 N 30(II)+30(IV) ) çàáåçïå÷èëè âðîaeàéí³ñòü íà ð³âí³ 4,87-5,50 ò/ãà ç ÿê³ñòþ çåðíà 2-3-ãî êëàñó ãðóïè À. Âðîaeàéí³ñòü çåðíà 6,01 ò/ãà ç ïîêàçíèêàìè 2-3-ãî êëàñó ÿêîñò³ áóëà äîñÿãíóòà çà ³íòåíñèâíî¿ òåõíîëî㳿 âèðîùóâàííÿ, ÿêà âêëþ÷àëà âíåñåííÿ ì³íåðàëüíèõ äîáðèâ (Ð 90 Ê 90 N 30(II)+60(IV)+30(VII) ) íà ôîí³ çàñòîñóâàííÿ ïîá³÷íî¿ ïðîäóêö³¿ ïîïåðåäíèêà òà ³íòåãðîâàíèé çàõèñò ðîñëèí. Íàéâèùó âðîaeàéí³ñòü çåðíà (6,2...
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.