Стаття колективу провідних вчених педіатрів та організаторів педіатричної охорони здоров’я України присвячена вивченню основних тенденцій у стані здоров’я дитячого населення країни за останні 22 роки. Аналіз захворюваності та поширеності хвороб серед дитячого населення України, рівнів малюкової смертності протягом останніх двох десятиліть свідчить про те, що вони залишаються значно вищими від середньоєвропейських показників на тлі прогресивного зменшення чисельності дитячої популяції на 3,16 млн осіб. Поширеність дитячих хвороб в Україні за останні 22 роки зросла на 41 %, захворюваність на дитячі хвороби — на 36 %. Розглянуті шляхи вирішення низки нових соціальних та медико-екологічних проблем, що негативно впливають на здоров’я дітей.

Aim: To determine the prevalence and to estimate factors associated with food hypersensitivity in young children of the Lviv region in Ukraine.Methods: A prospective cross-sectional survey study was conducted between 2016 and 2017 in the Lviv region of Ukraine. A specially designed questionnaire about food hypersensitivity of young children developed and validated by M. J. Flokstra-de Blok was used after translation into the Ukrainian language. The questionnaire included 34 questions, grouped into general and detailed information. Parents of children aged 0–3 years were asked to complete the questionnaire at pre-schools and medical institutions.Results: Among 4,500 distributed questionnaires, 3,214 (71%) were completed and processed. Parents reported that 25% of their young children had food hypersensitivity. According to the survey the most common agents involved in food hypersensitivity in young children were cow's milk (34%), egg (28%), and wheat (24%). Hypersensitivity to milk occurred in 50% of children in the age group of 1–2 years. Regional differences associated with food hypersensitivity were also found. Namely, in the Carpathians, there was more hypersensitivity to fish (27%) and honey (22%) than in other regions, while hypersensitivity to soy was detected mostly in Lviv City residents (8.5%). Unknown causes of food hypersensitivity were highly reported (34%) in the Carpathians.Conclusion: Prevalence and some distinctiveness of food hypersensitivity revealed in four geographic and climate zones as well as in Lviv City have a considerable practical use for formulation of recommendations for children with food hypersensitivity.

Remodeling of adipocytes in mesentery (aM) associated with nutritional overload from high fructose diet (hFD) is a source of several comorbidities. however, its pathogenesis is still unclear and there are no specific effective drugs for AM remodeling. Recently hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) demonstrated potent cytoprotective actions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of AM remodeling in rats fed hFD and with h 2 S pre-treatment. adult male rats on standard diet (SD, control group) or hFD that underwent acute water-immersion restraint stress (WIS) were evaluated for subcellular aM adaptive responses by electron microscopy. The effects on AM of exogenous sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, 5.6 mg/ kg/day for 9 days) and the Н 2 S-releasing aspirin (aSa) derivative (h 2 S-ASA , 17.5 mg/kg/day) vs conventional ASA (10 mg/kg/day) vs vehicle were investigated. Serum glucose level, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and activities of cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) and cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) were examined biochemically using spectrophotometry. In the HFD groups, treatment with NaHS protected aM, as mesenteric microvascular endothelial and sub-endothelial structures were observed vs the vehicletreated group that had signs of endothelial dysfunction, aM damage and dysfunctional mitochondria. The effect of H 2 S-aSa was characterized by protection of aM against hFD and WIS-induced injury, with lower TBARS blood level and increased CSE and CBS activities. Carbohydrate overload for 4 weeks is sufficient to cause AM oxidative damage, mitochondrial dysfunction and endothelial changes. H 2 S plays an important role in mesenteric adipocyte cellular survival against HFD-induced oxidative stress by decreasing overproduction of TBaRS and mitochondrial dysfunction. The use of h 2 S could lead to a novel approach for anti-obesity treatment.K e y w o r d s: hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBaRS), cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE), cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS), oxidative stress, adipocytes, mesentery, mitochondria.

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У статті наведені основні підходи до лікування і профілактики гострих респіраторних вірусних інфекцій у дітей, які часто хворіють. Проведений аналіз власних досліджень щодо ефективності рекомбінантного інтерферону альфа (препарат Назоферон) у лікуванні гострих респіраторних вірусних інфекцій у таких дітей. Доведена доцільність включення цього препарату в терапевтичний комплекс.