Створено ознакову колекцію сортів-донорів цінних господарських ознак, зокрема безнасінності. Аналіз частини реєстрових сортів за шкалою стійкості проти грибних хвороб довів існування тенденції до підвищення адаптивності у сортів нового покоління.За ступенем розвитку рудиментів насіння проведено оцінку 36 сортів винограду з 12 країн світу, виділено кишмиші першої категорії, які в подальшому можуть бути використані як батьківські компоненти у схрещуваннях.Було складено ароматичні профілі вин з ягід нових технічних сортів та форм винограду, підтверджено їх безперечні смакові якості. Перспективні столові сорти були виділені за такими показниками, як величина грона та ягоди, товарність грон на кущі.Використання методів SSR-аналізу дозволило підтвердити походження досліджуваних сортів, що особливо актуально для зразків, одержаних за допомогою суміші пилку.

No abstract

Aim. To study affinity of 12 rootstock-scion combinations of new promising table grape hybrid forms with common and new Ukrainian rootstock varieties. Results and Discussion. The study results demonstrated differences between rootstock-scion combinations in the number of check seedlings after stratification and differences in survival rates of seedlings after their planting. Analysis of phenological data showed significant differences in “the vegetation period length” and “the sum of active temperatures” for all hybrid forms grafted onto Dobrynia variety. Analysis of data on promising hybrid forms in rootstock-scion combinations allowed us to confirm significant effects of rootstocks on scion varieties, which cover both bio-physiological and economic characteristics of a grafted organism. Conclusions. Estimated amounts of check grafted seedlings after stratification in all 12 variants of rootstock-scion combinations were quite high (57-92%). Survival rates of seedlings after their planting ranged from 57% to 100%. For traditional wine-growing regions, it is recommended to graft Tairian and Persei hybrid forms onto Dobrynia and Berlandieri x Riparia Kober 5BB rootstocks. Fontan hybrid form should be grafted onto Riparia x Rupestris 101-14 (reference cultivar) and Dobrynia varieties. For experimental, non-traditional regions of viticulture, it should be taken into account that vegetation period of seedlings grafted onto Dobrynia variety tends to increase by three days for Persei and Fontan hybrid forms (2%). The vegetation period of Tairian – Dobrynia rootstock-scion combination exceeded reference combination rates by seven days (5.7%). Studies of the influence of stress factors on traits of interest will be continued.

ÂñòóïÃëîáàëüíà ïðîáëåìà åêîëîã³÷íî¿ áåçïåêè ïðîäóêò³â õàð÷óâàííÿ, îñîáëèâî ñ³ëüñüêîãîñ-ïîäàðñüêîãî ïîõîäaeåííÿ, çìóøóº øóêàòè ñïîñîáè çàáåçïå÷åííÿ ñïîaeèâà÷³â ³ âèðîáíè-ê³â ïðîäóêö³ºþ, ùî â³äïîâ³äຠì³aeíàðîäíèì íîðìàì, òîáòî áåç âì³ñòó çàëèøê³â ïåñòèöè-ä³â, âàaeêèõ ìåòàë³â, í³òðàò³â òà ³í. Ïàòîãå-íè òà øê³äíèêè ñ³ëüñüêîãîñïîäàðñüêèõ êóëü-òóð ïðèñòîñîâóþòüñÿ äî óìîâ äîâê³ëëÿ, ï³ä-âèùóºòüñÿ ¿õíÿ àãðåñèâí³ñòü òà øê³äëèâ³ñòü. Ëþäèíà çìóøåíà âèêîðèñòîâóâàòè òîêñè÷-í³ø³ ïåñòèöèäè, øê³äëèâ³ îðãàí³çìè çíîâó ïðèñòîñîâóþòüñÿ -³ öåé ïðîöåñ ïîñò³éíî ïîâ-òîðþºòüñÿ. Ïðîáëåìà â òîìó, ùî òðèâàëå çà-ñòîñóâàííÿ õ³ì³÷íèõ ðå÷îâèí íà ïîëÿõ, âè-íîãðàäíèêàõ ³ â ñàäàõ çðåøòîþ ïðèçâåäå äî òîãî, ùî ð³âåíü ïðèñòîñîâàíîñò³ ïàòîãåí³â ïåðåâèùèòü äîïóñòèìó òîêñè÷í³ñòü âèêî-ðèñòàíèõ ïåñòèöèä³â äëÿ ëþäèíè òà äîâê³ë-ëÿ. Âðîaeàé àáî çàãèíå â³ä øê³äíèê³â ÷è õâî-ðîá, àáî ñòàíå íåïðèäàòíèì äëÿ âaeèâàííÿ ÷åðåç íàñè÷åííÿ ïåñòèöèäàìè.Àëüòåðíàòèâîþ âaeå ñüîãîäí³ ìຠñòàòè îð-ãàí³÷íå (åêîëîã³÷íå, á³îëîã³÷íå) Ìåòà. Âèçíà÷èòè ìîaeëèâ³ñòü ïåðåõîäó â³ò÷èçíÿíîãî âèíîãðàäàðñòâà íà åêîëîã³÷íó (àäàïòèâíó) ñèñòåìó ãîñïîäà-ðþâàííÿ, ùî áàçóºòüñÿ íà âèêîðèñòàíí³ âèñîêîàäàïòèâíèõ ñîðò³â. Ìåòîäè. Çàãàëüíîïðèéíÿò³ ó âèíîãðàäàðñòâ³. Âñ³ åòàïè àãðîá³îëîã³÷íèõ äîñë³äaeåíü ïðîâåäåíî çà ìåòîäèêîþ Ì. À. Ëàçàðåâñüêîãî. Ñò³éê³ñòü ãåíåòè÷íèõ ðåñóðñ³â ïðîòè ãðèáíèõ çàõâîðþâàíü îö³íþâàëè çà 9-áàëüíîþ øêàëîþ íà ïðèðîäíîìó ³íôåêö³éíîìó ôîí³ çà ìàêñèìàëüíîãî óðàaeåí-íÿ. Îðãàíîëåïòè÷íó îö³íêó âèí ïðîâîäèëè çà 8-áàëüíîþ, ñâ³aeîãî âèíîãðàäó -çà 10-áàëüíîþ øêàëîþ. Ðåçóëüòàòè. Äîñë³äaeåíî îñíîâí³ àãðîá³îëîã³÷í³ ïîêàçíèêè (ñò³éê³ñòü ïðîòè õâîðîá, óðîaeàéí³ñòü òà ÿê³ñí³ ïîêàçíèêè âðîaeàþ) 22-õ ïåðñïåêòèâíèõ ñîðò³â ³ ôîðì âèíîãðàäó ð³çíîãî íàïðÿìó âèêîðèñòàííÿ. Âèçíà÷åíî ð³âåíü ñò³éêîñò³ ïðîòè ãðèáíèõ õâî-ðîá ÿê îäèí ç îñíîâíèõ êðèòåð³¿â ïðèäàòíîñò³ ñîðòó äëÿ åêîëîã³÷íîãî (àäàïòèâíîãî) âèíîãðàäàðñòâà. Îçíà÷åíà ãðóïà ñòîëîâèõ ³ òåõí³÷íèõ ñîðò³â ó ñåðåäíüîìó çà ï'ÿòü ðîê³â ïðîäåìîíñòðóâàëà ñò³éê³ñòü íà ð³âí³, íå íèae÷îìó çà â³äíîñíèé (6,5-7 áàë³â), à òàêèé ñîðò, ÿê 'Çàãðåé' -äî 7,5 áàëà. Âèçíà÷åíî ð³âåíü ÿê³ñíèõ ïîêàçíèê³â ïðîäóêö³¿ íîâèõ ñîðò³â ³ ôîðì âèíîãðàäó (îö³íêà âèíà äëÿ òåõí³÷íèõ, òîâàðí³ñòü òà îö³íêà ñâ³aeîãî âèíîãðàäó -äëÿ ñòîëîâèõ). ³ä³áðàíî çðàçêè ç ïîºäíàííÿì âèñîêèõ ÿê³ñíèõ ïîêàçíèê³â âèíà òà âèíîãðàäó ç âèñîêîþ âðîaeàéí³ñòþ. Äëÿ ïîïîâíåííÿ àäàïòèâíîãî ãåíîôîíäó âèíîãðàäó äîñë³äaeåíî ïåðñïåêòèâí³ ã³áðèäí³ êîìá³íàö³¿ 'Îïàëîâèé' × 'Áóðìóíê', 'Àâãóñòèí' × 'Îðèã³íàë' òà 'Îãîíüîê òà¿ðîâñüêèé' × 'Êàðäèøàõ'. Âèçíà÷åíî ð³âåíü ãðóïîâî¿ ñò³éêîñò³ ïðîòè ãðèáíèõ õâîðîá ³ ïîïåðåäíüî âèä³ëåíî ïåðñïåêòèâí³ ãåíîòèïè. Âèñíîâêè. Âèçíà÷åíî ð³âåíü ïðîÿâó ðÿäó ãîñïîäàðñüêî-ö³ííèõ îçíàê ó ãðóïè ïåðñïåêòèâíèõ ñòîëîâèõ ³ òåõí³÷íèõ ñîðò³â òà ôîðì. Âèä³ëåíî âèñîêîàäàïòèâí³ òà âèñîêîïðîäóêòèâí³ ñîðòè òà ôîðìè, ïðèäàòí³ äëÿ âè-êîðèñòàííÿ â àäàïòèâí³é ñèñòåì³ ãîñïîäàðþâàííÿ. Ðîçãëÿíóòî ïåðñïåêòèâí³ ã³áðèäí³ êîìá³íàö³¿, ç ÿêèõ ó ìàéáóòíüîìó áóäóòü âèä³áðàí³ âèñîêîàäàïòèâí³ ñîðòè, ïðèäàòí³ äëÿ åêîëîã³÷íî¿ ñèñòåìè âèíîãðàäàðñòâà.Êëþ÷îâ³ ñëîâà : âèíîãðàä, àäàïòèâíå âèíîãðàäàðñòâî, ñîðò, ñ³ÿíåöü, ð³âåíü ñò³...

Goal. To select genetically and geographically distant perspective seedless grape varieties, in order to enrich the grape assortment in Ukraine. To replenish the database of varieties, which can be used as sources of valuable adaptive, agrobiological and technological characteristics. To use prospective genotypes in a modern breeding process and to subsequently confirm the presence of traits of interest in the offspring. Results and discussion. The study of new and reference varieties in the ampelographic collection was performed in field and laboratory conditions. Field trials were conducted in the National Scientific Center “Tairov Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking” according to the schemes, which are presented in methods of A. N. Negrul, E. B. Ivanova, E. S. Komarova, O. G. Mishurenko (3 x 1.5 m planting distance). All stages of agrobiological and phenological studies were performed according to the methods, which are generally accepted in viticulture and variety testing. Results. The main phenological, agrobiological and adaptive characteristics (drought resistance, frost resistance, and cold hardiness) of 22 genetically and geographically distant seedless grape varieties were investigated. The level of productivity and adaptation characteristics were determined as the main criteria for suitability of the variety for further application in the breeding process. Venus variety showed the highest low-temperature resistance. During the vegetative period varieties Einset seedless, Attika and Kishmish luchistiy were the highest leaf water retainers, which indirectly proved them to be highly drought resistant. Genotypes with an optimal combination of high adaptive characteristics, productivity and quality were preliminarily selected. Conclusions. The level of the manifestation of some valuable agrobiological characteristics was determined in a group of introduced seedless varieties. Highly adaptable and high-yield varieties were preliminarily selected. Those cultivars are suitable for use in the modern breeding process for enriching the grape assortment in Ukraine with local seedless varieties.