Clonal micro-propagation is of particular importance in the transition to virus-free gardening. The problems of in vitro cultivation are closely related to mineral nutrition, presence of growth hormones and varietal features of plants. The purpose of the research was to study the patterns of responses of the studied genotypes of fruit and berry crops to the effect of various nutrient media. The objects of the study were varieties of garden strawberries, blackberries, pears and apple trees. Single shoots were planted on a modified medium of MS, Boxus, QL, B5, Pierik, Ly de Fossard, Fardzinova. The number of developed buds per explant, the height of micro-shoots, the general appearance and development of micro-plants were taken into account. It was found that exclusion of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and replacement of calcium chloride (CaCl2) with calcium nitrate (Ca (NO3)2) in the Boxus nutrient medium in strawberry provided obtaining optimally developed plants. For blackberries, the best results of proliferation and growth of shoots were obtained on the growing medium of Ly de Fossard, in pear varieties - on the Ly de Fossard medium. For most of the studied apple tree varieties, the most favorable medium was QL, containing 2.0 mg/l of 6-BAP.

Резюме. В статье представлены результаты исследований на этапе введения земляники в культуру с целью увеличения выхода стерильных жизнеспособных эксплантов. Цель исследования: определить влияние стерилизаторов на жизнеспособность эксплантов сортов земляники in vitro; установить благоприятные сроки введения в культуру. Выявлена высокая приживаемость эксплантов при изоляции в фазу активного роста (июнь). Наибольший выход стерильных и жизнеспособных эксплантов отмечали в варианте стерилизации 0,1% раствором сулемы (64,7-71,7%).Ключевые слова: земляника, in vitro, срок введения, стерилизующий агент, жизнеспособность. Summary.The results of studies at the stage of introduction of strawberries into the culture in order to increase the yield of sterile viable explants have been presented in the article. The purpose of research was to determine the infl uence of sterilizers on the viability of strawberry varieties' explants into in vitro culture; to establish favorable periods for introduction into the culture. The high survival rate of explants in isolation in the phase of active growth (June) was revealed. The highest yield of sterile and viable explants was noted in the variants of sterilization with 0.1% solution of sulema (64.7-71.7%).

The influence of various growth regulators on strawberry varieties' micro-shoots regeneration of Russian and foreign selection Bereginya, Tsaritsa, Urozhaynaya CGL, Frida, Asia, Kimberly, Honeoye, Marmolada has been established. The experiment involved micro-plants regenerated in in vitro culture. At the proliferation stage, 6-BAP, thidiazuron, kinetin, mival, succinic acid were added to the nutrient medium in specified concentrations to select the optimal growth regulator. The maximum response to the induction of additional shoots was obtained in explants cultivated on the control medium of Murashige and Skoog supplemented with 6-BAP. The positive effect of kinetin, thidiazuron, mival, succinic acid on the process of root formation was noted, which can accelerate the production of rooted plants ex vitro.

Currently, methods for the culture of isolated tissues and organs have been widely used to solve theoretical and applied problems of biotechnology. The article discusses the theoretical aspects of the use of biotechnological techniques in the reproduction of black currants (Ribes nigrum L.). The need for the use of biotechnological methods in the rapid reproduction of various forms and varieties of black currants due to the difficulty of reproduction of a number of genotypes by traditional methods, especially forms obtained using interspecific hybridization. Among the emerging issues are the following: find donors of valuable traits with the aim of increasing ecological plasticity of cultivated plants; a study of the influence of qualitative and quantitative composition of nutrient media for the cultivated plants, optimization of the timing of the introduction of plants and selection of optimal modifications of culture media with the varietal characteristics at different stages of cultivation; the study of the influence of hormonal and other biologically active substances on development of plants in conditions of culture in vitro. In the article literary sources, which describe those additional issues relating to process optimization clonal micropropagation of black currant. All stages of cultivation of the given culture in conditions in vitro from initiation to adaptation in non-sterile conditions are considered. The factors that determine the success of reproduction are described: terms of introduction into the culture and types of explants, selection of sterilizing agent, optimization of the nutrient medium depending on the passage, the influence of different components of the medium on regenerative plants. The methods of microclonal reproduction, developed by scientists of leading research organizations, data on ways to combat phenolic oxidation of the nutrient medium.

Strawberry is the main berry crop with a fast-growing global market. With the mass production of high-quality planting material, the role of biotechnological methods of reproduction increases. The aim of the study was to study the impact of various auxins on the rhizogenesis of popular commercial varieties of domestic and foreign garden strawberries in the system of production of healthy planting material. The research was carried out in the laboratory of biotechnology of the GNU VNIISPK according to generally accepted methods. The objects of the study were varieties of domestic and foreign garden strawberries: Bereginya, Urozhainaya CGL, Tsaritsa, Asia, Darselekt, Kimberly, Korona, Marmolada, Frida, Honeoye. The conducted studies have revealed a high rooting ability of the studied varieties. After 6 weeks, 100% rooting of strawberry varieties was noted on all inductors of root formation. The optimal types, concentrations and combination of rhizogenesis regulators providing intensive root formation in plants of the studied varieties have been determined. In the microarrays of Asia and Honeoye varieties, the largest number of roots was observed when using IAA at a concentration of 0.5 mg/l (6.8 pcs. / explant). Kimberly and Tsaritsa plants more actively formed a voluminous root system with the addition of BMI – 0.5 mg/l (5.6 and 5.8 pcs/exp. respectively). An increase in the concentration of IBA to 1.0 mg/l did not contribute to an increase in the number of roots in the studied varieties. An increase in the concentration of IBA to 1.0 mg/l did not contribute to an increase in the number of roots in the studied varieties. The joint introduction into the nutrient medium of auxins of IBA and IAA at a concentration of 0.5 mg /l can be recommended for rooting micro-rosettes of varieties Asia, Bereginya, Darselekt, Marmolada, Urozhainaya CGL. Their synergistic effect influenced the formation of more longer roots.