Представлены материалы по гибридам моркови столовой отечественной селекции, отвечающие современным требованиям товарного производства и конкурентоспособные с зарубежными аналогами: F1 Алтаир, F1 Бейби и др. Гибрид F1 Бейби в 20172018 годах проходил производственные испытания в крупнейшем овощеводческом товарном хозяйстве ЗАО Куликово (Дмитровский район Московской области) на площади 10 га и показал высокий результат по урожайности и товарности.There are presented materials on carrots hybrids of domestic breeding that meet modern requirements of commodity production and are competitive with foreign analogues: F1 Altair, F1 Beibi and others. Hybrid F1 Beibi in 20172018 passed production tests in the largest vegetablegrowing commodity economy of CJSC Kulikovo (Dmitrovo district of the Moscow region) on the area of 10 ha and showed high result on productivity and marketability.

The comparative analysis of changes in prices for carrots with changes in prices for fruit and vegetable products and the level of inflation is given. The analysis of the structure of imports of carrots by countries is given, and the countries that have completely stopped purchasing carrots are listed. Its consumption has not reached the rational consumption standards recommended by the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation yet, which are 17 kg per year for 1 person. Reduced supplies from foreign countries allowed national vegetable producers to increase the production of carrots. Production of carrots in Russia remains profitable even without subsidies. However, the achieved profitability does not allow for extended reproduction. The average Russian consumer prices for carrots for the months of 2018 were in the range of 27.73 … 54.56 rubles/kg.

The aim of the research: to show the economic basis for the original carrot seed production of cultivar Vitaminnaya 6 breeding of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institute Federal Scientific Vegetable Center in the conditions of the Moscow region. The work was carried out in 2015-2018. Root carrots were grown on an experimental base, seed plants in a membranous unheated greenhouse. The meteorological conditions during the experiment period were favorable for the formation of root crops and the ripening of carrot seeds. A transfer method was used to produce the original carrot seeds. Under conditions of the Moscow Region, when growing seedlings of carrots in a membranous greenhouse, the yield of carrot seeds of cultivar Vitaminnaya 6 varied from 95 g/m2 to 130 g/m2. Analysis of the original carrot seeds showed that seed germination energy was 78-87%, germination changed from 89 to 93%. With the transfer method of cultivating the original of carrot seeds, production costs amounted to 17795.8 thousand rub/ha (2015 year) and 18542.9 thousand rub/ha (2017 year). Up to 40% of production costs are accounted for cleaning carrots and the handicrafts associated with their storage, reassembly and planting in the spring. The cost price of 1 kg of original carrot seeds of cultivar Vitaminnaya 6 in 2015 was 38602.6 rub., in 2017 - 36997.2 rub.

Based on official statistics, the analysis of the economic efficiency of production and sale of root vegetables on the example of carrots and beets in the Moscow region for the period 2012-2016 was carried out. Separate economic indicators of the largest agricultural holdings in the region are presented: CJSC “Bunyatino” and CJSC “Kulikovo”. It is indicated that in the conditions of import substitution, the average annual level of profitability of production of root vegetables by industrial technologies is 27-28%. Increasing the economic efficiency of agricultural production is reduced to increasing crop yields, improving the use of fixed and working capital, reducing the cost of production, increasing labor productivity and product quality.

Во многих регионах РФ и странах ближнего зарубежья отмечено усиление вредоносности болезней моркови, вызванных грибами рр. Fusarium и Alternaria. В зависимости от погодных условий и фитосанитарного состояния посевов распространённость болезней может достигать 70 – 80 %, а урожайность корнеплодов снижается на 35-50 %. Одним из путей, обеспечивающих целенаправленное ведение селекции на устойчивость, является выделение местных изолятов возбудителей болезней, методы ускоренной оценки на основе определения агрессивности новых штаммов и применение их в селекционной работе. Цель работы: выделить местные изоляты возбудителей болезней и определить их агрессивность. Отбор пораженного материала для исследований проводили на опытных делянках ФГБНУ ВНИИО (Московская обл.). Опыты по определению агрессивности выделенных штаммов возбудителей рр. Alternaria и Fusarium проводили с 2007 по 2014 гг. лабораторным методом. В результате проделанной работы создана коллекция наиболее агрессивных местных штаммов патогенов: Fusarium avenaceum Sacc (Т7 - F1), Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht (ПО3 – F3), и Ш3, Alternaria radicina M., Dr. Et E - ВС-1-1А; ВС-2-1А; М – 2 – 3А; А-1 и А-3. Приведено описание мицелия по штамму р. Fusarium: Ш3 – штамм формирует пушистую бело-розовую колонию и обильное спороношение. Рассмотрена градация варьирования штаммов р. Fusarium - от белых войлочных и слизистых до бело - розовых пушистых. Выделенные наиболее агрессивные штаммы используются в селекционной работе над повышением устойчивости моркови столовой при проведении опытов по опрыскиванию суспензией спор по листовой пластине моркови столовой и при создании искусственных инфекционных фонов. Продолжается работа по выделению, идентификации и определению агрессивности возбудителей альтернариоза и фузариоза столовой моркови, а также по подбору образцов моркови столовой - контролей устойчивости к болезням.In many regions of the Russian Federation and the countries of the near abroad, there was an increase in the severity of carrot diseases caused by fungi of. Fusarium and Alternaria. Depending on the weather conditions and the phytosanitary condition of crops, the prevalence of diseases can reach 70-80%, and the yield of root crops is reduced by 35-50%. One of the ways ensuring targeted selection of sustainability is the isolation of local isolates of pathogens, rapid assessment methods based on the aggressiveness of new strains and their use in breeding. Objective: to isolate local isolates of pathogens and determine their aggressiveness. Selection of the affected material for the studies was carried out on experimental plots of the FGBNU VNIIO (Moscow region). Experiments to determine the aggressiveness of isolated strains of pathogens Alternaria and Fusarium were conducted from 2007 to 2014 years of laboratory method. As a result of the work done, a collection of the most aggressive local strains of pathogens was created: Fusarium avenaceum Sacc (T7 - F1), Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht (PO3 - F3), and III, Alternaria radicina M., Dr. Et E - ВС-1-1А; ВС-2-1А; M - 2 - 3A; A-1 and A-3. The description of the mycelium on the strain of Fusarium is given: III - the strain forms a fluffy white-pink colony and abundant sporulation. The gradation of variation in the strains of Fusarium - from white felt and mucous to white - pink fluffy. Highlighted most aggressive strains are used in breeding work to increase the stability of carrots canteen when conducting experiments on spraying spore suspension on a plate of carrot dining room and when creating artificial infectious backgrounds. Work continues on the identification, identification and determination of the aggressiveness of pathogens of Alternaria and Fusarium of carrots, as well as the selection of carrot samples - disease resistance control.