Разработан минерально-витаминный премикс на основе природного цеолита — вермикулита для коров с удоем 7—9 тыс. кг молока в период сухостоя, I, II и III фазы лактации. В состав вермикулита входит большой набор микро- и макроэлементов, таких как медь, цинк, марганец, кобальт, кремний, являющихся ценными минеральными добавками. Изучено влияние премиксов с различным содержанием вермикулита на переваримость питательных веществ рациона, усвоение минеральных элементов, использование животными азота из рациона, их продуктивность. Опыт проведен на коровах в течение лактации и сухостойного периода. В результате проведенных исследований установлено, что минерально-витаминные премиксы, содержащие 1,5—5,0% вермикулита от сухого вещества рациона, способствовали регуляции выведения и отложения минеральных веществ, лучшему использованию азота и перевариванию питательных веществ в организме коров. При этом стабилизируется физиологическое состояние животных, увеличивается содержание жира в молоке коров на 0,09 абс. процентов, повышается продуктивность 4%-ного молока на 8,2%, расход кормов на 1 кг молока снижается до 4,9%. A mineral-vitamin premix based on natural zeolite — vermiculite has been developed for cows with milk yield 7—9 thousand kg during the dry period, I, II, and III phases of lactation. Vermiculite contains a large set of micro and macro elements such as copper, zinc, manganese, cobalt, silicon, which are valuable mineral additives. It is studied the effect of premix with different content of vermiculite on the digestibility of nutrients in the ration, the assimilation of mineral elements, the use of nitrogen by animals from the ration, and their productivity. The experiment was carried out on cows during the entire lactation and dry period. As a result of the studies, it was found that mineral-vitamin premixes containing vermiculite 1.5—5.0% of the ration dry matter, promoted the regulation of mineral excretion and deposition, the better nitrogen utilization, and the digestion of nutrients by the cows’ body. At the same time, the physiological state of the animals is stabilized, the fat content in the cow milk increases by 0.09 abs. percent, productivity of 4% milk increases by 8.2%, the feed consumption per 1 kg of milk decreases to 4.9%.

Abstract. The purpose of the research is to determine the optimal level of fibre and its fractions, neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF), in the ration of cows with milk yield 6–7 thousand kg according to the period of the physiological cycle. The scientific and economic experiment was carried out with two groups of cows, control and test, 10 animals in each other, during the whole period of lactation. The ration of control group cows corresponded to the economic one. The analysis of the crude fibre in feeds doesn't identify a reasonably accurate content of the fibre and its fractions. Therefore, the research includes the elaborated method of fractionation of structural carbohydrates (Van Soest et al.). As a result of the research, the optimal level of the crude fibre and its fractions (NDF and ADF) was determined in the cow rations according to the periods of the physiological cycle. It was established that the level of the crude fibre should be 20.5 %; NDF – 40.0 %; ADF – 25.0 % during the first phase of lactation (14–100 days). For the period of the second phase of lactation (101–200 days) the content of the crude fiber – 22,5 %, NDF – 41,3 %, and ADF – 26,3 %. For the period of the third phase of lactation (201–305 days) the level of the crude fibre should be 25,0 %; NDF – 45,5 %; ADF – 25,4 %. The novelty of the research is that we determined the requirements of the milk cows for the crude fibre, NDF and ADF according to the physiological periods in the conditions of the Arctic region. Separation of the fibre into fractions makes it possible to reveal more fully its composition, and consequently to show more precisely digesting of each fraction in the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants and to determine the role of fibre in providing of animals by energy.

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