The article presents the results of research of the market and institutional field of farming development in Russia, including formed risks and uncertainties in it. The main hypotheses can be summarized by saying that the fact that the work of farmers (except for environmental characteristics) are significantly affected by such distinctive features of the farms themselves as their internal organizational structure, behavioral patterns, and applied strategies. Moreover, to perceive the state of the environment and adapt to it for farmers are important both purely economic motivation and other value orientations, in particular social and environmental ones. Verification of the proposed hypotheses about the differentiation of assessments by farmers of the environment surrounding their work is carried out based on the most significant surveys of economic science and analytical data obtained in the course of a large-scale survey of farm heads in the Kurgan Region. As a result, the results of empirical researches show that in each group of farms (united in their size and age of their heads), firstly, the estimates of uncertainty and risks, and secondly, the ways of adaptation to them. The results of the interpretation and analysis of subjective assessments of farm heads regarding the state of the institutional and market field (including uncertainty and risks) can be used both to determine farming development strategies in the region and to develop directions and instruments for modern agricultural policy.

The article presents the main research results on the peculiarities of the functioning of agricultural cooperatives and the practices of state regulation of their activities in the countries of the European Union. The high importance of agricultural cooperatives is justified, first of all, by their multifunctionality, and, consequently, by their contribution both to the development of the agricultural economy and to the stability of rural areas. The main trends in the development of agricultural cooperation in Europe are: (1) the enlargement of the cooperative business; (2) the development of vertical integration along the technological chain, (3) all kinds of organizational innovations to expand financial opportunities, (4) strengthening competitiveness through the growth of the scale of activities and all kinds of innovations, (5) socialization of cooperative activities in order to improve the living conditions of rural communities. The specificity of state support for European agricultural cooperatives lies in expanding the range of mechanisms and instruments used by the state, providing financial assistance mainly to small regional cooperatives (performing functions important for rural areas), taking into account the possibilities of cooperative activities under extraordinary conditions (such as the COVID-19 pandemic or emerging natural cataclysms).

The aim of the research is to study and summarized the experience of agricultural cooperation development in the United States of America, to identify the main problems and positive trends in cooperative development in the American agricultural economy. Within the framework of this article, the historical conditions of the origin and development of the cooperative movement in the United States are analyzed, trends and dynamics of agricultural cooperatives evolution at the present time are identified, the main factors (limitations) of their successful functioning and the most significant organizational innovations undertaken by agricultural cooperatives in the context of environmental changes are specified. In addition, the current trends in the activities of US agricultural cooperatives, revealed in the course of generalization and structuring of scientific materials and statistical information, are especially noted, such as a reduction in the number of cooperatives, a permanent increase in their size, institutional improvement of the internal structure, and the active introduction of technological, technical and organizational innovations. From the point of view of practical significance, some new approaches are noted in organizing the activities of cooperatives, in particular, (1) raising capital from shareholders who are not their patrons, (2) distribution of profits according to both the volume of transactions and the amount of investment in cooperative activities, (3 ) the use of contracts that take into account the strict observance of many conditions of supply, (4) adjustment (to a certain extent) of the principles of openness and equality, which makes it possible to get rid of producers who differ in their activities by mismanagement and wastefulness, (5) individualization of control (through differentiation in the voting procedure ) and property (through the use of modern financial instruments). The experience of developing agricultural cooperation in the United States is advisable to use in domestic economic practice to increase the efficiency of Russian agricultural cooperatives functioning.

Сборник материалов Всероссийской научно-практической конференции «Социальнодемографический потенциал российской молодежи» включает доклады и статьи российских ведущих и молодых ученых, аспирантов по проблемам исследования основных тенденций развития социально-демографического потенциала российской молодежи.Сборник представляет интерес для специалистов в сфере молодежной, семейнодемографической политики, научно-образовательного сообщества, исследователей в области социологии молодежи, семьи, демографии.