The priority problem of various industrial and developing countries, which largely determine the health of the population and, above all, older age groups, is currently eye diseases. Most modern researchers consider age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and cataracts to be eye diseases. Socially significant eye diseases have a high prevalence and are the leading cause of blindness in various countries. Authors analyzed the prevalence of glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and cataracts according to domestic and foreign publications in recent years. The results of the studies considered in the scientific review indicate a continuing gain in socially significant eye diseases, the frequency of which increases with age. The high incidence of the studied pathology is observed in China, India, and Russia. The study shows socially significant eye diseases to be the most critical problem in various countries, including the Russian Federation. The relevance of this pathology will increase due to the ongoing aging of the population and an increase in their share in the demographic structure of many states. The high prevalence of age-related macular degeneration, cataracts, and glaucoma leads to an increase in the number of people on the planet with complete or partial vision loss, which significantly disrupts their social functioning and requires significant financial costs for treatment and ensuring an acceptable level and quality of life. The data presented in the review and obtained results are of practical importance for the organization of monitoring of eye diseases and the development of an appropriate state and health strategy.

В современных условиях возрастная макулярная дегенерация, сочетанная с катарактой, выступает ведущей причиной потери зрения в пожилом возрасте и может способствовать развитию когнитивных и тревожно-депрессивных нарушений, которые практически не изучены для данного контингента. Цель работы: изучение когнитивных нарушений и тревожно-депрессивных расстройств у больных возрастной макулярной дегенерацией и катарактой пожилого возраста. Обследовано 125 больных 60-74 лет с возрастной макулярной дегенерацией, сочетанной с катарактой, на базе Тамбовского филиала МНТК «Микрохирургия глаза имени академика С.Н. Фёдорова». Контролем служили 74 больных аналогичного возраста без возрастной макулярной дегенерации. Были оценены тревожность - по тесту Спилбергера-Ханина, депрессивный статус по шкале Center for Epidenuologic Studies-Depression. Достоверность различий определяли по критерию U-Манна-Уитни. Установлено, что среди пациентов пожилого возраста с возрастной макулярной дегенерацией, сочетанной с катарактой, выявлены когнитивный дефицит, средний уровень личностной тревожности, значительный удельный вес со средним уровнем и повышенным уровнем личностной тревожности, расстройства депрессивного характера, а в контроле - низкий уровень тревожности и отсутствие в целом депрессивных нарушений. Возрастная макулярная дегенерация увеличивает частоту когнитивных и тревожно-депрессивных нарушений In modern conditions, age-related macular degeneration, combined with cataracts, is the leading cause of vision loss in old age and can contribute to the development of cognitive and anxiety-depressive disorders, which are practically not studied for this population. Objective: to study cognitive impairment and anxiety-depressive disorders in elderly patients with age-related macular degeneration and cataracts. 125 patients aged 60-74 years with age-related macular degeneration combined with cataract were examined at the Tambov branch of the academician S. N. Fedorov eye microsurgery. The control group consisted of 74 patients of the same age without age-related macular degeneration. Anxiety was assessed using the spielberger-Hanin test, and depressive status was assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale. The significance of differences was determined by the U-Mann-Whitney criterion. It was found that among elderly patients with age-related macular degeneration combined with cataracts, cognitive deficits, an average level of personal anxiety, a significant proportion with an average level and an increased level of personal anxiety, depressive disorders were detected, and in the control group - a low level of anxiety and the absence of depressive disorders in General. Age-related macular degeneration increases the frequency of cognitive and anxiety-depressive disorders

An increased percentage of the elderly subjects in pattern of contemporary society, along with other causes and risk factors, is accompanied by rise in the incidence of glaucoma. By 2020, according to international studies it is expected that prevalence of glaucoma patients in the world would increase up to 80 million subjects. Among the elderly, glaucoma is a common pathology, which development is associated with local disturbances in interleukin profile. However, the features of the latter in patients with primary closed-angle glaucoma in the elderly were poorly examined. Studies of local interleukin status were conducted mainly in patients with suspected or initial manifestations of primary open-angle glaucoma. The features of lacrimal fluid interleukin shift in a target group of elderly patients suffering from stage II primary closed-angle glaucoma virtually gained no attention. In addition, a limited range of local interleukins in patients with such pathology in previous studies was examined. In addition, informativity of lacrimal fluid interleukins in elderly glaucoma patients was not assessed too based on objective methods. The aim of the current study was to outline features and informativity of local interleukin profile indicators in 58 elderly patients with primary closed-angle glaucoma stage II, aged 60-74 years (main group) and 27 age-matched elderly subjects lacking such pathology. The level of interleukins in the lacrimal fluid was determined with the enzyme immunoassay Multiscan analyzer (Finland) by using sandwich ELISA (R&D Diagnostic Inc,USA). Informativity of measuring various interleukins was calculated according to the generally accepted formula. It was found that local interleukin profile in elderly patients with primary closed-angle glaucoma was mainly featured with increased amount of IL-2, IL-17, IL-8, but decreased IL-10. Hence, such local interleukins displayed peak informativity. The data obtained should be used in the diagnostics and treatment of such pathology, as well as of applied importance to unveil novel mechanisms behind development, diagnostics and corroboration for selective immunotropic therapy of primary closed-angle glaucoma.