Analysis of the technological qualities of spring wheat grain showed, that high-natural grain can be obtained from the varieties of Orenburg and Samara selection in 75.0% of the years, and the Saratov breeding - 62.5% of years. All studied varieties of spring durum wheat form high-natural grains of 87.5% years. Grain with high glassiness is characteristic to varieties of spring wheat of Samara breeding of 75.0% years and Orenburg and Saratov breeding - 87.5% years. High glassiness grain of spring durum wheat varities of Samara and Saratov breeding constitute 87.5% of the years, and the Orenburg selection of 100% of the years. Grain, which protein content is greater than 14% or more in Orenburg steppe, was formed only by varieties of soft wheat Orenburg breeding and Ukrainian durum wheat breeding in years of 12.5%. Grain, corresponding to 1 class by the content of gluten, in our experiments was obtained from following varieties: soft wheat of Orenburg and Samara selection in 75.0% of the years, and the Saratov - in 62.5% of the years; durum wheat of Orenburg and Samara selection in 25.0% of the years, and Ukrainian - 62.5% years. The investigation of soft wheat varieties form grain of I-III quality group and grade durum wheat - II-III quality group.

On the basis of summarizing the results of many years experience on environmental study varieties and breeding numbers of spring wheat, we can base models of early maturing, middle maturing and mid-season varieties for the forest-steppe zone of Orenburg region. The identified dependence of grain yield on the productivity elements, morphological and structural features, the assimilation apparatus parameters, biological and physiological characteristics reliably described by the equations of regression. Such kind of varities, as Varyag, D-1847/97, Omskaa 20, Prokhorovka, Samsar, Saratovskaya 42 and Solveig were high adaptive capacities in this area. It is well to combine the best parameters of efficiency elements of main spike in favorable years: Kinelskaya 59, Lyuba, Moskovskaya 35, Orenburgskaya 13, Prokhorovka, Saratovskaya 55 and Enita; in dry years: Logachevka, Saratovskaya 42, Solveig and D-1847/97. The optimal parameters of the assimilation apparatus were observed in the following varities: Volgouralskaya, Varyag, Kinelskaya 59, Logachevka, Lyuba, Prokhorovka, Solveig, Tulaykovskaya 1, steppe Tulaykovskaya and Enita. The use of hybrid models in the selection of breeding material and varieties, selected as parent forms to better address selection on efficiency and sustainability in the forest of the Southern Urals.

The article summarizes the results of surveys on the development of the spring wheat disease. The composition of the pathogenic complex in the Orenburg region was analyzed. The paper cites an assessment of the stability of varieties of different origin in the forest steppe and steppe zones of Orenburg Urals. The most common and harmful diseases of spring wheat were: brown leaf rust (Puccinia triticina), stem rust (Puccinia graminis), oidium (Erysiphe graminis, Blumeria graminis Speer.), helminthiasis and fusariose root rot (Bipolaris sorokiniana and Fusarium spp.). Among the samples of local breeding Orenburgskaya 13 variety was the strongly susceptible to the disease of wheat. Logachevka and Uchitel variety were mildly susceptible. Varyag variety was characterized by susceptibility to leaf rust, oidium and dust-brand. According to the complex resistance to diseases of the local races of wheat, we can allocate the following varieties: in the forest-steppe zone: Kinelskaya 59, Kinelskaya 60, Saratovskaya 55, Tulaykovskaya 5, steppe Tulaykovskaya, YuV 4 and in the steppe zone - Belyanka, Saratovskaya 70, Tulaykovskaya 10 and steppe Tulaykovskaya. The inclusion of these varieties in the hybridization will provide a more disease-resistant hybrids and new varieties of spring wheat.

The impact of contrasting conditions of water availability on the size of the upper internodes in wheat varieties was studied under the conditions of the Orenburg steppe zone. It was noted, that less drought-resistant varieties formed a short upper internodes. We conducted a mathematical analysis of the relationship of productivity and length of ear-carrying internodes of spring soft wheat varieties of different ecological groups. It was established, that we can observe a gradual increase of grain productivity with increasing the length of the upper internodes in the studied range. As a result, the following varities were selected for inclusion into the hybridization: Logachevka, Tulaykovskaya steppe, Tulaykovskaya 1, Tulaykovskaya Belozernaya, Prokhorovka and Uchitel. They have the optimal settings for the presented feature. Using the selected varieties as parental forms can enhance the efficiency of wheat breeding programs for resistance to drought in the forest-steppe zone of the Southern Urals.

On the basis of summarizing the results of many years of experience about environmental study of varieties and breeding varieties of spring wheat, we revealed the peculiarities of influence of plants’ assimilation apparatus parameters on the productivity level of early ripening, middle- and late ripening varieties in the forest-steppe zone of Orenburg Urals. These varieties should be used to create hybrid forms of spring wheat with optimal parameters of photosynthetic surface. This will better in solution the selection issues on efficiency in the forest of the Southern Urals. As a result, during the study of the influence of the size of the surface to the grain photosynthetic productivity level of wheat varieties, we found that in this case with an increase in the parameters of the assimilation apparatus, there is an increase of yields up to a certain limit, then a further increase in the size of the photosynthetic surface leads to lower yields. This pattern is clearly related to the fact that the overgrowing foliage due to worsening conditions for leaf photosynthetic activity, the rate of photosynthesis decreases. The following studied varieties of spring wheat have optimal parameters of the photosynthetic index: Volgouralskaya, Varyag, Kinelskaya 59, Logachevka, Lyuba, Prokhorovka, Solveig, Tulaykovskaya 1, Tulaykovskaya stepnaya and Enita. These varieties should be used to create hybrid forms of spring wheat with optimal parameters of the assimilation apparatus.