The article describes the main causes of emergencies at nuclear power plants. For the twenty-year period from (1952-1972), reviewed and described in which countries and at which nuclear power plants accidents and incidents occurred. The main objects of emergencies are considered. It was determined that more accidents occurred at NRX reactors.

The behaviour of radionuclides was studied by the method of thermodynamic modelling in the wide temperature range 400-3200 K during interaction of radioactive graphite with water vapour, taken in the ratio C (s):H 2 O (g) = 1:10 and 1:20 (by mass). It was determined that the main components of the gaseous phase over the whole temperature range are H 2 O vapour, H 2 , gaseous CO and CO 2 containing radioactive 14 C. Their partial pressures exceed 10 3 Pa. Cs, Sr, Ca, Be, Ni radionuclides, which radioactive graphite contains, form volatile hydroxides, U, Pu radionuclides-volatile oxides. The partial pressure of these radionuclides does not exceed 10 -1 Pa.

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The article discusses emergencies that occurred at nuclear power plants in the Russian Federation for the period from 1992 to 2019. In the work, a systematic and statistical analysis was carried out, the number of emergency events was counted, the nuclear power plants at which accidents and incidents occurred, the year of occurrence of the emergency event was indicated, the main objects, the causes of emergencies were identified, the types of reactors at which accidents often occurred were identified, conclusions are drawn.