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Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is one of the most significant early childhood chronic respiratory diseases. The article features modern approaches to preventing, diagnosing and treating broncho-pulmonary dysplasia, as well as ways of preventing complications and undesirable disease outcomes in patients older than 3 years. Members of professional associations — Union of Pediatricians of Russia and Russian Association of Perinatal Medicine Specialists — have summarized the experience of managing this category of patients at leading Russian pediatric centers according to the principles of evidence-based medicine and have provided scientific and practical data corresponding to the world level of knowledge with regard to the present problem.

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Premature infants are especially in need of timely and effective specific immunoprophylaxis due to their vulnerability to infectious diseases. The article describes the basic principles for vaccination of premature infants used in healthcare by the leading countries of the world. Based on the results of clinical trials, the peculiarities of the vaccination schedule for certain infections have been determined, the specific features of the course of the post-vaccinal period have been described. The operating procedures for active immunoprophylaxis of various types of infections have been explained in detail depending on the pathology and the therapy being performed. The article uses the key points of the recommended practices for prevention of the main controlled types of infections developed by the professional association of pediatricians ‘Union of Pediatricians of Russia’ and approved by the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation.