No abstract

Introduction. As a result of large-scale modernization of technological processes, the organism of workers in the petrochemical industry is affected by low intensity factors. With an increase in exposure time under the influence of such factors, the response of the body is characterized by various changes in physiological status, however, until now, medical examinations of workers in petrochemical enterprises have a clinical focus. In this regard, it becomes extremely important to systematically study the physiological functions of workers, considering their working experience for early detection of the adverse effects of the work environment and the development of effective preventive measures.The aim of the study is to evaluate the features of the functional state of the organism of operators and operators of a petrochemical enterprise, depending on the length of service.Materials and methods. To identify the features of the functional state of the body, 78 operators and 68 drivers, depending on the length of service, were divided into three subgroups. The functional state of the central, autonomic nervous and cardiovascular systems was studied, and the level of biological adaptation and working capacity of workers were determined. The functional state of the central nervous system is assessed by indicators of the functional level of the nervous system, the stability of the nervous reaction, the level of functionality of the formed functional system and the level of performance on the hardware-soft ware complex.Results. It was revealed that with an increase in seniority, the operators of the petrochemical enterprise changed the indicators of the functional state of the body, as evidenced by a decrease in the time of simple visual-motor reaction by 1.5 times, an increase in the rates of sympathetic activity of the autonomic nervous system by 1.7 times, and an increase in 1.4 times the adequacy of regulation processes against a 1.7-fold increase in the vegetative rhythm indicator, which characterize increased disorganization in the intersystem interactions of central and an independent contour of regulation of physiological functions. With an increase in seniority, typists noted an increase in the parasympathetic activity of the autonomic nervous system by 1.3 times, as well as an increase in the autonomic regulation rate by 1.2 times, which indicates a strengthening of the autonomous regulation loop by physiological functions.Conclusions. The workers of the main professions of the petrochemical enterprise with an increase in their seniority noted the development of long-term adaptation, which is confirmed by a decrease in the number of workers with an unsatisfactory level of adaptation and an increase in operators and drivers with a normal level of working capacity.Funding. The study had no funding.Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.

At present a systemic approach based on occupational risk assessment methodology is a key to adequate detection of cause-and-effect relations between a disease and working conditions. Our research goal was to calculate and assess individual occupational health risks for operators and drivers employed at an oil processing enterprise. Our research object were parameters revealed via special assessment of working conditions and data obtained via periodical medical examinations performed on 198 operators and 160 drivers employed at an oil processing enterprise. A procedure for calculating individual occupational health risks took into account working conditions, individual health, working experience, and workers’ age. Influence exerted by working experience duration on health of workers from the examined occupational groups was estimated in three groups: working experience shorter or equal to 5 years; working experience equal to 6–10 years; working experience being longer than 10 years. Integral assessment of working conditions was obtained taking into account impacts exerted by occupational factors with different hazard categories, assessed risks of injuries and assessment of workers’ protection with individual protection means. We calculated integral parameters of working conditions assessment, hazard parameters at workplaces, and one-number integral values of individual occupational risks. We determined that 91 % drivers and 34.9 % operators ran high and extremely high occupational risks of diseases; those risks changed individually depending on hazard occupational factors at workplaces, age, working experience, and a worker’s health. It was shown that high individual occupational risks were much more frequent among drivers and operators with long working experience (6–10 years and longer) who had III–IV health groups and worked under hazardous conditions.

Introduction. In children and adolescents myopia in some countries already reached epidemic levels due to the growing prevalence is an urgent need for new approaches to management and search for screening indics of its development risk and key points in its stabilization. Taking into account the development and progression of myopia may be associated with autonomous influences of the nervous system, it becomes relevant to study the features of the autonomous status formation in children, depending on the presence and degree of myopia. Material and methods. The functional state of the autonomic nervous system in 380 5-10 grades students with low degree myopia (group 1), moderate myopia (group 2), and without myopia (group 3) was assessed by heart rate and central nervous system variability and mental performance using variation chronoreflexometry. Results. The maximum number (40%) was recorded in eighth grade of myopia students, 39.4% cases - in fifth grade students. An imbalance in the autonomic nervous system in schoolchildren was established to increase with growing myopic refraction. Thus, vagotonia occurred in 42.8% of students with low degree myopia, eutonia - in 42%, and sympathicotonia only in 15.2%. While in students with moderate myopia in 75% of cases the constraint of regulation systems was revealed due to excessive tone of the sympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system, which leads to uneconomic work of the cardiovascular system and a sharp decrease in the functional reserves of the body in 50% -70% of students. Conclusion. Consideration of the relationship of myopia with the autonomous status and functional state of the central nervous system offers new directions to the existing concepts of myopia management in children and adolescents of school age, which can be a starting point for solving the problem of prevention of myopia and its progression.

No abstract