The scientific and technical fundamentals of “ideal agroecosystems” physical modeling are presented, which are characterized by a high degree of controllability of matter and energy flows between the environment and plants with concomitant biota, and where it becomes possible to realize the fullest extent genetically determined potential of a particular crop and to create ecologically harmonious optimized highly efficient complexes: microclimate - variety (hybrid) - technology to stable receive the high quality yields plant production . It is shown that the creation of such agroecosystems is possible with the integrated solution of the following problems: 1) optimization of the conditions of light, air and root habitat in accordance with the needs of a particular culture; 2) the creation or selection of hybrids and varieties that give high yields of quality plant products in a controlled agroecosystem; 3) monitoring the plants physiological state and detecting stress in the early stages of its occurrence using non-invasive physical methods; 4) the use of high-quality seed according to the results of a non-damaging rapid assessment of internal defects by x-ray in combination with morphometric analysis; 5) development and application of highly effective environmentally friendly plant growth and metabolism regulators.

X-ray computer methods of research (projection microfocus radiography and microtomography), which are used to study the problem of hidden defects of seeds and investigate its impact on sowing quality, have been considered. The description and main characteristics of technical means that were used to obtain digital two-dimensional and three-dimensional (tomographic) X-ray images of seeds have been given and the possible ways of their quantitative computer processing and analysis have been discussed. Conclusions about the abilities of the methods of projection microfocus radiography and microtomography to study the features of the internal structures of a seed that are related to the violation of its integrity have been formulated.