In Russia 45156.3 tons of waste were generated from agriculture, forestry, hunting, fishing and fish farming according to statistics for 2020. 1200 tons of manure are formed per day in Tyumen region. The volume of accumulation of such manure is 432,000 tons per year. But at the same time, manure is a source of greenhouse gases, their amount can be: CO2 – 21.5 million м3, methane – 12.9 million м3 per year. Due to its unique chemical and biological properties, diatomite is widely used in many areas of agriculture. It can be used as an excellent adsorbent, fertilizer, food additive for animals and birds, an environmentally friendly contact insecticide for pest control of grain, fruit and ornamental plants. To restore the lost fertility (0.6% per year (2032.2 hectares), it is necessary to carry out soil protection measures, as well as to add mineral and organic fertilizers to the soil (11.7 million tons of organic fertilizers annually for 15 years). The availability of a large amount of mineral resources and bird manure makes it possible for researchers to develop the composition and technologies to create organomineral fertilizers.

The purpose of the research is to study the effect of the fungicide Lamador and the humic preparation Rostok on the quality of spring wheat and spring barley in the conditions of the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region. According to the yield, we found that pre-sowing seeds treatment with Lamador protectant and joint treatment with Rostock contributed to an increase in yield by 0.70 t/ha of spring wheat and 0.15 t/ha of spring barley, in the option with the pre-sowing seeds treatment with Lamador protectant and Rostock preparation by 0.90 t/ha and 0.10 t/ha. The highest yield of spring wheat was noted in the third option – 4.10 t/ha, of spring barley in the second option – 3.52 t/ha. An increase in the thousand kernel weight was noted in the crops under study. The highest thousand kernel weight was observed for spring wheat and spring barley in the third option – 30.2 g and 54.3 g, respectively. The maximum protein content in the spring wheat grain was noted in the third option –13.3%, which is higher than the control option by 1.3%, for spring barley we also noted protein increase by 0.4-0.5%. Thus, the experimental application of the fungicide Lamador together with the preparation Rostok for wheat seeds treatment demonstrated a positive effect of the protectants on plants in the agro-climatic conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Tyumen region and contributed to an increase in crop yield by 28% for spring wheat and 4% for spring barley, which proved the need for their use in the plant protection system, to increase the productivity and quality of the grain obtained.

The agro-industrial complex has a huge potential for increasing the efficiency of the use of natural resources, which means it is a good platform for introducing the best available technologies. The main problem is the formation of wastewater. Since dairy enterprises use large enough volumes of water to process containers, equipment, for floor washing as well as use them to cool dairy products. Naturally, the main pollutants are organic compounds. Wastewater from dairy processing plants contains: suspended solids (solids from dairy processing), fats (their content varies depending on the variety of products produced by the enterprise), nitrogen (in the form of amino groups of protein compounds). The pH of the water itself also changes, the value of this indicator will also vary from the volume and range of products. As a result, it was revealed that in the production of 53982 tons of dairy products per year, 496929,2 tons of wastewater is formed, which is 9 times more than the volume of the companys production. In addition, most enterprises in the Tyumen Region do not have an opportunity to drain the resulting wastewater into the central sewage treatment plants for various reasons. This is either a tens of times excess of discharge standards, or the lack of sewage treatment facilities in the settlements where the enterprises are located. In this regard, enterprises of the agro-industrial complex are sources of pollution not only of the atmosphere, soil, but also of water bodies, so the wastewater of dairy plants should be treated and discharged with minimal risk of environmental pollution.

No abstract

In terms of agricultural production, Western Siberia is a risky farming zone. Unfavourable weather phenomena in some years include moisture deficiency in the first half of the growing season, which negatively affects yield, as well as excessive moisture and lack of heat in the second half of the period, which leads to a decrease in grain quality. The special natural conditions of Siberia require specific consideration of the use of agricultural technologies that compensate for factors that negatively affect the yield of the land. The purpose of the presented study was to determine the most effective tillage options for increasing the yield of spring wheat in the Tyumen region (Russia). This study was conducted at the experimental field of the Northern Trans-Urals State Agrarian University from 2014-19 to evaluate the effect of basic tillage with and without the use of coulisse strips on the weed infestation and yield of spring wheat in the Tyumen region, Russia. Comparative evaluation of the basic tillage with or without sown coulisse strips showed less weed infestation of spring wheat (3.3-27.1 and 3.6-29.4 no./m2) on the basic tillage variants (plowing and loosening) with sowing single-line coulisse strips, where the resulting larger yield of 3.74 t/ha (+ 0.17 t/ha compared to the control variant) was obtained. The results showed that moldboard tillage using coulisse strips had a positive effect on plant growth and development, due to the density, soil moisture, and weed reduction in obtaining high yield of spring wheat. The data obtained in the course of long-term studies can be used in the development of recommendations for agricultural production on the cultivation of spring wheat for grain and seeds under conditions close to those of the region under study.