The system of personnel protection from ionizing radiation in laboratories and industrial premises, where they work with radioactive substances and materials has been considered. A logical scheme in the form of a tree of failures and mathematical expressions for calculating the reliability of the protection system are presented. The coefficients of the influence of individual elements on the reliability of the system are determined. A quantitative analysis of the coefficients of influence made it possible to identify the most significant and most unreliable elements (“weak links”). In order to replace the “weak links”, a list of alternative elements and possible combinations of elements in the protection system has been compiled. Two risk management strategies are proposed. The first strategy involves minimizing the likelihood of failure of the protection system. The second is to minimize the cost of its operation. The possibility of achieving a positive effect has been demonstrated in both cases.

The task of radiation safety management by the optimization of protective structures parameters has been considered. The techniques for calculating the attenuation coefficient of radiation of multilayer floor slabs, the range of constructional materials and the method of the optimization calculation of multilayer protective structures have been analyzed. The analysis has shown that the achievement of the maximum possible efficiency of protection at random distribution of materials is improbable. The optimization task has been solved of the distribution of materials on protective structures and their constructional elements and the list of target functions and restrictions has been made. The algorithm and the program have been developed, the method of optimization calculation of a group of protective structures for the purpose of increasing personnel radiation safety has been improved, and the calculation data testifying the efficiency of the offered approach have been obtained.