Several methods for the stimulation of skin wound repair have been proposed over the last few decades. The most promising among them are gene and stem cell therapy. Our present experiments combined several approaches via the application of human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (hUCB-MC) that were transfected with pBud-VEGF165-FGF2 plasmid (gene-cell therapy) and direct gene therapy using pBud-VEGF165-FGF2 plasmid to enhance healing of full thickness skin wounds in rats. The dual expression cassette plasmid pBud-VEGF165-FGF2 encodes both VEGF and FGF2 therapeutic genes, expressing pro-angiogenic growth factors. Our results showed that, with two weeks post-transplantation, some transplanted cells still retained expression of the stem cell and hematopoietic markers C-kit and CD34. Other transplanted cells were found among keratinocytes, hair follicle cells, endothelial cells, and in the derma. PCNA expression studies revealed that transplantation of transfected cells terminated proliferative processes in regenerating wounds earlier than transplantation of untransfected cells. In the direct gene therapy group, four days post-operatively, the processes of flap revascularization, while using Easy LDI Microcirculation Camera, was higher than in control wounded skin. We concluded that hUCB-MC can be used for the treatment of skin wounds and transfection these cells with VEGF and FGF2 genes enhances their regenerative abilities. We also concluded that the application of pBud-VEGF165-FGF2 plasmids is efficient for the direct gene therapy of skin wounds by stimulation of wound revascularization.

The aetiology of this benign condition is unknown.We conducted a PubMed review of article titles and available abstracts and returned in excess of 70 reported cases of lipoma arborescens with the majority, over 50 cases, occurring in the knee. All involved the large joints of the knee, hip, shoulder and elbow, with the majority being intra-articular and a number occurring bilaterally. The few extraarticular cases arose from the periarticular bursae of the shoulder and elbow, as well as the tenosynovium of the long extensor tendons around the ankle. There is one report of intra-articular lipoma arborescens relating to the synovial fluid of the wrist joint (Napolitano, 1957).Lipoma arborescens should be considered amongst the differential diagnoses of non-cystic swellings of the hand such as synovial lipomata or haemangiomata, synovial chondromatosis, pigmented villonodular synovitis, amyloid and rheumatoid arthritis. These can be excluded with plain radiographs and typical MRI appearances (Martín et al., 1998). Treatment is with complete surgical excision, either open or arthroscopic, while Yttrium-90 radiosynovectomy has also been shown to be effective (Erselcan et al., 2003). Recurrence is uncommon.

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