Diabetic patients are at high risk for NAFLD to develop LF and LC. LFE and FTs showed a comparably high accuracy in the diagnosis of LC in patients with DM and these may be used for screening. With allowance made for the existing risk factors of LF and LC, it is necessary to identify groups of patients with DM for further examination and follow-up. Patients who are diagnosed with stage F4 should be examined carefully to evaluate concurrent diseases and to make liver biopsy.

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a serious medical and social problem. The danger of the disease is associated with epidemic growth rates and chronic complications, leading to early disability, decreased quality of life and mortality. The prevention of diabetes complications is based on the optimal glucose-lowering therapy with the achievement of target metabolic parameters from the date the diagnosis of T2DM was established and throughout the patient’s life. The complex pathogenetic mechanisms of T2DM are the underlying rationale for drug therapy with a simultaneous effect on various disorders, which will provide a greater hypoglycemic potential and maintain effective glycemic control as T2DM progresses. The main reasons for poor disease control include clinical inertia, untimely intensification of drug therapy, and the use of treatment regimens that are insufficiently effective given the progressive course of the disease. The therapy for T2DM is based on clinical guidelines. The pathogenetic therapy options associated with the use of vildagliptin and metformin are considered. Much attention in modern diabetology is paid to the study of the influence of various therapeutic approaches on the disease progression rates from the perspective of improving prognosis and long-term maintenance of target glycemic control. The advantages of combined glucose-lowering therapy at the onset of T2DM are considered in comparison with the stepwise intensification of glucose-lowering therapy. The VERIFY study examined the long-term efficacy and safety of two treatment approaches: early vildagliptin and metformin combination therapy versus the traditional stepwise approach starting with metformin as initial therapy. The combined glucose-lowering therapy is an important direction in the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.

Objective: comparative analysis of the antibacterial efficacy of local treatment of chronic tonsillitis in children. Material and methods. The  study included 116 children from 5 to 12 years old divided into two groups: Group 1 (main group) and Group 2 (control group), 59 and 57 patients respectively. All patients were subjected to examination of ENT organs, bacterial and viral antibodies check-up, and microbiological research of the tonsil’s lacunae. Group 1 was subjected to rinsing lacunas with a solution of furasol (potassium furazidin), Group 2 was subjected to rinsing lacunas with a solution of furatsilin (nitrofural). With similar input data, clinical examination and microbiological research in one month after the end of treatment showed higher efficacy of furazidine potassium in relation to the main pathogenic agents of the tonsil’s lacunae as compared to furatsilin. Conclusion: 1. The lacunae of the tonsils contain several microorganisms of different groups, which requires a more careful selection of the treatment in relation to bacteria with a high pathogenic potential. 2. Furasol is a highly effective antimicrobial drug for the local treatment of chronic tonsillitis, which helps to restore the biocenosis of the tonsils by affecting the pathogenic flora without adversely affecting saprophytic bacteria.Conflict of interest: The authors of this article confirmed the lack of conflict of interest and financial support, which should be reported.

According to the literature, such dentition anomaly as supernumerary teeth is more common in the practice of a dentist than of an otorhinolaryngologist. Clinical manifestations of this pathology in adults are less frequent than in children. Periodically, there appear descriptions of individual cases of hyperdentia, in which the tooth is located in the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, orbit. It is not always possible to find such a tooth on examination, therefore, additional research methods help to determine the location and pathological process in more detail. We present our clinical observation of tooth retention and ectopia in the nasal cavity and upper jaw. The diagnosis was confirmed by the data of endoscopic examination and computed tomography of the paranasal sinuses. The ectopic tooth was found before the development of pronounced local inflammation. The tooth was removed from the nasal cavity using endoscopic techniques, no communication between the nasal cavity and the oral cavity was found. The postoperative period was uneventful. On examination two weeks after the operation, no pathological changes in the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses were found, as well as defects in the mucous membrane and bone part of the nasal cavity floor.