Comparative proteomic studies of proteins in DU-145, PC-3, LNCaP and BPH-1 cultivated cells as well as in prostate tissue samples obtained from patients with benign and malignant tumors showed differences in protein profiles, in particular, high content in tissue samples of four isoforms of transgelin and profilin-1. Increased expression of protein Dj-1 was observed in cancer cells and biopsy samples of prostate cancer as opposed to BPH-1 cells and biopsy samples of tissues with benign hyperplasia. Dramatic reduction of serpin H1 was noted in the range of cell lines: BPH-1 → РС-3 → DU-145 → LNCaP. Thus, the obtained data are indicative of protein Dj-1 and serpin H1 participation in formation of the cancer phenotype in prostate cells.

characteristics and the gene expression patterns. Thus, the use of malignant cell lines ex vivo (as models of human cancers) is an important trend in search for key molecules of carcinogenesis in experimental oncology. EDITORIALThe biochemistry has a place of honor among the life sciences largely due to its fantastic success in 20 th century. Traditional biochemistry started with the study of chemical components of living organisms and their metabolism that provides life itself, and with description of the main types of biopolymers and other biomolecules. At that time technologies allowing to determine sequence of monomers in complex polymers such as nucleic acids and proteins (sequencing technologies) were designed. As a result, in the 80s of the 20 th century the entire human mitochondrial genome was identified, heavy and light mitochondrial DNA strands maps were constructed and their nucleotide sequences were determined [1,2] . Further similar studies were concerned with the complete genome sequencing of different bacteria and some eukaryotes [3][4][5] . In the last decade of 20 th century the DNA sequencing of the human nuclear genome was started that influenced the development of the life sciences [6][7][8] . To achieve the goal of determining the DNA sequence of the entire human genome the considerable resources of the international ABSTRACTModern biochemistry or biochemistry of 21th century is developing in many traditional fields: investigations of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, carbohydrates, metabolites and metabolic processes, etc, however it has gained new features that based on success of Human Genome Project and on application of high performance technologies (post-genomic technologies). As a result, at the turn of the 21st century some new scientific disciplines, named "OMICS" (proteomics, transcriptomics, lipidomics, glycomics, metabolomics, etc) were created through advances in the biochemistry. Currently "OMICS" and post-genomic technologies are involved in mainstream of cancer research, including studies of human malignant cells. Since malignant tumors consist of heterogeneous cancer cells, the cultured cell lines have some advantages over biopsy simples for studies aimed at understanding the molecular basis of carcinogenesis. The malignant human cell lines differ considerably in their origin from tissues or organs, and therefore they vary widely in the differentiation EDITORIAL