The paper considers the purpose and problems of geo-ecological education in the school education modernization conditions. The author defi nes a value of geo-ecological direction at profi le school and its educational content, carries out the analysis of the elective courses promoting realization of geo-ecological education at modern school.
One of the main problems at commercial accounting of resources (natural gas, electric energy, heat, water) is discrepancy of registered volumes (quantity) of delivered (supplied) and consumed (paid) resource. Stated treats not only a resource, but also an accounting of deliveries related to any kind of goods which quantity is defined and considered by means of measuring tools (packaging of loose products, supply of gasoline from a plant at a gas station, its further realization to consumers, etc.). It is accepted to call a discrepancy of specified volumes as imbalance. Its consequence is either an incomplete settlement of consumers with a supplier (supplier’s damage and consumers’ “undeserved profit”), or, on the contrary, consumers’ overpayment for delivered resource (supplier’s “undeserved profit” and consumers’ damage). Therefore, the resource imbalance can be classified as one of the most important economic indicators of any resource supplying process since the economic efficiency of activity of companies and organizations delivering and realizing resources to consumers depends directly on the resource imbalance value.
Analysis of the known technical solutions for the additional loading of tractor from the trailer has shown that they are ineffective. Their ineffectiveness is the complexity of the design and construction of interfering in hydro-mounting construction of tractor or trailer hitch frame. Also, reasonable reloaded on tractor hydromounting is not provided. In order to avoid these shortcomings towing additional loading device to the trailer with a hydraulic cylinder mounted on the frame of the trailer rotatable carriage was suggested. The tests showed that the maximum additional loading of the tractor from the trailer can not exceed 3900 N, which is not sufficient from the position of improving performance.
The main risk of loss of market value of labor power is known as the onset of old age, when most (and then all citizens) lose their physical and mental ability to perform work functions. In a civilized country economic responsibility for the maintenance in old age (et al. Associated with disability risks) is divided between the man himself along with his employer and the state. However, the proportion of participation in fi nancial support to pensioners seriously adjusted in diff erent national pension systems, depending on the historical and social traditions, as well as the specifi c macroeconomic and demographic factors. Currently in our country came together in a complex site all the negative factors that determine the material support of pensioners. This is primarily the ongoing demographic crisis (increase in life expectancy of certain categories of the population) and deepening the lingering fi nancial crisis, which took into its sphere and the state budget It is proved that the pension rights of workers in the market environment are inextricably linked to labor rights. The more complex and mutually intertwined these rights in insurance economic relations formation of pension rights for Krohn corporate groups, and for each insured person.
The aim of the study is to analyze the effect of age on the appointment of the state pension fiscal system in our country. The problem of rising of the retirement age in Russia is given a value that is far away from the traditional context of direct influence of demographic processes on the level of pensions, on the one hand, and adaptation of the pension system to changing demographic factors, on the other. In the article the pension system for the first time is considered as a multifactorial model that corrects the degree of dependence on the mutually complex of macroeconomic and demographic factors in the different historical periods. This requires a fundamental change in the methodological approaches to the problem of rising the retirement age by using actuarial methods of forecasting. Actuarial analysis of the problem of retirement age in the work shows that the perception of the linear dependence of the age of the destination state of the demographic parameters cannot be considered as a tool for regulating the efficiency of the pension system. The results of the study are the specific parameters of actuarial assessments of the impact of demographic and macroeconomic conditions to increase the retirement age in Russia, conducted using data from the state statistics, formulated practical proposals to mitigate negative economic consequences. Conclusion: Rising the retirement age should be aimed at economic stimulation of formation of the pension rights of the insured in the long term, rather than the economy of the state budget. Methodological approaches, grounded in the work, and quantitative results of the actuarial calculations will be used in the formation of public pension policy in the preparation of the regulations to rise the retirement age, the pension formula of calculating the pension rights of insured persons, the mechanism of pension indexation.
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