<p>The work is devoted to the development of a new diagnostic tool for the study of legal consciousness as an essential competence of law enforcement officers as part of solving practical problems of their professional-psychological selection and accompaniment. The author&rsquo;s &ldquo;Scale of legal consciousness&rdquo; (46 questions) was developed; the emphasis was placed on revealing the commitment to &ldquo;conventional&rdquo; values, as opposed to both egoistic and &ldquo;universal&rdquo; values. The research sample: the personnel of the National Guard of the Russian Federation (504 people). High one-step reliability (&alpha;=0,824) of the new Legal Awareness Scale was revealed; the distribution of the indicator corresponds to normal. Correlations of high significance and expected sign with personality variables (L-Profile, MLO Adaptivity), with indicators of propensity to addiction (&ldquo;ODA-2010&rdquo; questionnaire) moderate positive relations with results on intellectual tests were revealed. Thus, satisfactory psychometric properties of the new Law Consciousness Scale were confirmed, and the expediency of its further validation with the prospect of introduction into the practice of psychological support of law enforcement agencies was substantiated.</p>

В исследовании ставятся две задачи: 1) анализ содержания понятия «экологическое преступление» и 2) анализ положительного опыта исследований с использованием полиграфа в процессе расследования таких видов экологических преступлений, как незаконная порубка леса и незаконная охота. В качестве основного научного метода использовался метод анализа документов (нормативных правовых актов, статистических отчетов, научной литературы, материалов следственно-судебной практики). В результате исследования было конкретизировано понятие экологического преступления как деяния, причиняющего вред общественным отношениям по сохранению, восстановлению, рациональному использованию окружающей среды, необходимой для нормальной жизнедеятельности человека. Был сделан вывод о необходимости закрепления понятия «экологическое преступление» в уголовном законодательстве России. При решении второй задачи исследования был сформулирован вывод о том, что применение полиграфа с большой вероятностью позволяет определить у испытуемого наличие или отсутствие информации о различных обстоятельствах совершения экологического преступления, имеющих значение для уголовного дела. The study sets two tasks: 1) analysis of the content of the concept of environmental crime and 2) analysis of positive research experience with the use of a polygraph in the investigation of such types of environmental crimes as illegal logging and illegal hunting. The method of analysis of documents (normative legal acts, statistical reports, scientific literature, and materials of investigative and judicial practice) was used as the main scientific method. The study concretized the concept of an environmental crime as an act that harms public relations for the preservation, restoration, rational use of the environment necessary for normal human life. The author concludes that it is necessary to consolidate the concept of environmental crime in the criminal legislation of Russia. When solving the second task of the study, the author formulates the conclusion that the use of a polygraph is highly likely to determine the presence or absence of information about various circumstances of the commission of an environmental crime relevant to the criminal case.

The article considers the possibility of studying a person’s awareness of the details of a crime through the analysis of his reactions to unconscious stimuli. The study sets three tasks: 1) analysis of the effectiveness of using polygraph surveys in the process of investigating crimes; 2) analysis of the main approaches to the study of unconscious perception and 3) analysis of the results of an experimental study of the possibility of diagnosing the fact of identifying a person from a photograph in conditions of unconscious perception by the dynamics of physiological reactions of the recognizer. During the experiment, visual stimuli were presented to the subject on a computer monitor: a photograph of a person supposedly familiar to the subject and photographs of people unfamiliar to the subject. The stimuli were presented in series, with the duration of exposure necessary to create conditions for unconscious perception. In parallel with the process of presenting stimuli, galvanic skin reactions (CGR) were recorded in the subject using a polygraph. As a result of the experiment, it was found that there were more pronounced CRS (the average amplitude value is 7.2 mm.) occurring in the subject in response to a photograph of a person presumably familiar to him, compared with CRS (the average amplitude value is 1.8 mm.) occurring in the subject in a photograph of unfamiliar faces. The conclusion was formulated about the possibility of experimental diagnostics of the fact of identification of a person by a photograph, in conditions of unconscious perception, through the analysis of the identifying CRG, recorded using a polygraph. It is proposed to use the mechanism of unconscious perception to identify the features of the awareness of persons about the circumstances of crimes during the investigation.

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