The aim of the present work was to study the interaction between the optical properties of images of " disappearing" optotypes and their recognition thresholds. The "disappearing" optotypes were figures with complex outlines and had a unique property - they were close to the threshold of recognition and observation, which increases the accuracy of measurement of visual acuity and the subjects' attention to them. The recognition distances of "disappearing" optotypes were measured. A relationship was found between the recognition distance of "disappearing" optotypes and different optical density profiles on the one hand and the spatial and spatial frequency characteristics of the stimuli on the other. The decisive factor determining the threshold of recognition of optotypes in spatial frequency terms is its spatial frequency spectrum; that in spatial terms is the width of the black/white pair or black-white triad in the complex outline. Regardless of the shape of the optotype, one of the most important limiting factors was the concordance of this test with the scattering function of the subject's eye optics.

137 (274 eyes) relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients have been given detailed neuroophthalmologic examination. 58 of these patients (74 eyes) had a previous history of optic neuritis. As a result, the most informative methods of examination have been identified. These include the estimation of the frequency characteristics of the vision (vizokontrastoperimetriya, low-contrast tests Sloan), standard static automated perimetry, pattern visual evoked potentials, and optical coherence tomography which is used to measure macular volumes and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness. The above – mentioned methods make it possible to reveal the involvement of the optic analyzer in the inflammatory and neurodegenerative process at the pre-clinical stage. The obtained results allow us to recommend inclusion of the methods in the standard algorithm for the examination of patients with probable multiple sclerosis.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) uveitis in HIV infection is one of the most dangerous secondary diseases of the visual organ, leading to blindness in the absence of treatment. The aim is to characterize the clinical features of the course of retinal detachment in HIV infection. Materials and methods. The study group included 29 patients, 34 eyes (9 men and 20 women). All patients underwent a standard routine ophthalmological examination. To confirm the diagnosis, an ultrasound of the eyeball was performed. Results. Retinal detachment was detected in 29 patients (34 eyes) out of 72 (94 eyes) and was 40.3% (95% CI=29.3-51.79%). According to the mechanism of retinal detachment, the following forms were identified: acute retinal necrosis, regmatogenic and traction detachment. In 50% of cases, the disease occurred as acute retinal necrosis of CMV-etiology. Visual acuity in the group of patients with operated retinal detachment became significantly lower after complex treatment. Conclusions. CMV-uveitis has a chronic sluggish course, despite multicomponent treatment. Retinal detachment is detected in 40% of HIV-infected patients with CMV-uveitis and in half of cases has the character of acute retinal necrosis. Keywords: cytomegalovirus, uveitis, HIV, HIV-infection, AIDS, retinal detachment.