ÂñòóïÓ ñó÷àñíîìó çåìëåðîáñòâ³ ñîðò âèñòóïຠÿê ñàìîñò³éíèé çàñ³á îòðèìàííÿ âèñîêèõ óðîaeà¿â ³, ïîðÿä ç òåõíîëî㳺þ âèðîùóâàí-íÿ, ìຠâåëèêå, à ³íîä³ é âèð³øàëüíå çíà-÷åííÿ.Êð³ì òîãî, äëÿ äîñÿãíåííÿ ðåíòàáåëüíîãî êàðòîïëÿðñòâà ³ñòîòíèì ÷èííèêîì º âèðî-ùóâàííÿ êàðòîïë³, ùî ìຠï³äâèùåíèé ïî-ïèò ó ñïîaeèâà÷³â. Áóëüáè òàêèõ ñîðò³â ìà-þòü â³äì³ííèé ñìàê, êóë³íàðí³ òà ë³êóâàëü-í³ âëàñòèâîñò³, âèñîêó àíòèîêñèäàíòíó çäàò-í³ñòü, à òàêîae ïðèäàòí³ äëÿ âèãîòîâëåííÿ ð³çíîìàí³òíèõ êàðòîïëåïðîäóêò³â. Öå, ç³ ñâîãî áîêó, ïîòðåáóº âèçíà÷åííÿ ñïîaeèâ÷èõ ÿêîñòåé áóëüá ð³çíèõ ñîðò³â ùîäî ¿õ ãîñïî-äàðñüêîãî ïðèçíà÷åííÿ, õî÷ ÷àñòî ï³ä ÷àñ îö³íêè åôåêòèâíîñò³ êàðòîïëÿðñòâà öèì ïî-êàçíèêàì ïðèä³ëÿþòü íåçíà÷íó óâàãó, çäå-á³ëüøîãî çîñåðåäaeóþ÷èñü íà âðîaeàéíîñò³.Ñó÷àñíèé ñòàí êàðòîïëÿðñòâà õàðàêòåðè-çóºòüñÿ çíà÷íîþ ð³çíîìàí³òí³ñòþ ñîðò³â, ÿê³ çà ñïîaeèâ÷îþ ÿê³ñòþ ïîä³ëÿþòü íà ñòîëîâ³, òåõí³÷í³, ñòîëîâî-òåõí³÷í³, êîðìîâ³, óí³âåð-ñàëüí³, ïðèäàòí³ äëÿ âèãîòîâëåííÿ íàï³âôà-áðèêàò³â [1].Ñòàíîì íà 2016 ð. äî Äåðaeàâíîãî Ðåºñòðó ñîðò³â ðîñëèí, ïðèäàòíèõ äëÿ ïîøèðåííÿ â Óêðà¿í³, áóëî âíåñåíî 174 ñîðòè, ç íèõ óêðà-¿íñüêî¿ ñåëåêö³¿ -65, çàðóá³aeíî¿ -109, ó ò.÷. ²íñòèòóòó êàðòîïëÿðñòâà ÍÀÀÍ -45, ç íèõ ðàíí³õ -41, ñåðåäíüîðàíí³õ -38, ñåðåä-íüîñòèãëèõ -68, ñåðåäíüîï³çí³õ -14.²ñòîòíèì ïîêàçíèêîì îö³íêè ñîðòó º ñìà-êîâ³ ÿêîñò³ áóëüá. Ïðè÷èíîþ ð³çíîãî ñìàêó áóëüá º ð³çíèé âì³ñò àì³íîêèñëîò ³ öóêð³â. Íà ôîðìóâàííÿ ñìàêó êàðòîïë³ âïëèâàþòü ³ òàê³ êîìïîíåíòè, ÿê êðîõìàëü, á³ëîê, çîëü-í³ åëåìåíòè, îðãàí³÷í³ êèñëîòè òîùî [2].Ñåðåä ÷èííèê³â, ùî âèçíà÷àþòü êóë³íàðí³ ÿêîñò³ êàðòîïë³, íàéâàaeëèâ³øèìè º ñîðòîâ³ Ìåòà. Óçàãàëüíèòè ðåçóëüòàòè âèâ÷åííÿ ñïîaeèâ÷èõ âëàñòèâîñòåé ð³çíèõ ñîðò³â êàðòîïë³ òà âèÿâèòè îñíîâí³ ö³íí³ îç-íàêè äëÿ â³äíåñåííÿ ¿õ äî ïåâíî¿ ãîñïîäàðñüêî¿ êàòåãîð³¿. Ìåòîäè. Ïîëüîâèé, ëàáîðàòîðíèé, óçàãàëüíåííÿ, àíàë³òè÷íèé. Ðåçóëüòàòè. Çà ïåð³îä 2005-2016 ðð. áóëè âèâ÷åí³ ñîðòè êàðòîïë³, çàíåñåí³ äî Äåðaeàâíîãî ðåºñòðó ñîðò³â ðîñëèí, ïðè-äàòíèõ äëÿ ïîøèðåííÿ â Óêðà¿íè, òà íîâ³, íàñàìïåðåä ñåëåêö³¿ ²íñòèòóòó êàðòîïëÿðñòâà ÍÀÀÍ, çà òàêèìè îñíîâíèìè ãîñïîäàðñüêî-ö³ííèìè îçíàêàìè, ÿê ñïîaeèâ÷à ÿê³ñòü áóëüá, âì³ñò êðîõìàëþ, ñóõèõ ðå÷îâèí, á³ëêà, öóêð³â, â³òàì³í³â, êàðîòèíî¿ä³â, ì³íåðàëüíèõ ñïîëóê, àì³íîêèñëîòíèé ñêëàä, çàáàðâëåííÿ ì'ÿêîò³, ïðèäàòí³ñòü äëÿ ïðîìèñëîâîãî âèðîá-íèöòâà êàðòîïëåïðîäóêò³â ³ òåõí³÷íèõ ïîòðåá. Çâåðíóòî óâàãó íà ïåðñïåêòèâí³ñòü âèêîðèñòàííÿ ñîðò³â ç ô³îëåòîâîþ, ñèíüîþ é ÷åðâîíîþ ì'ÿêîòòþ áóëüá, âðàõîâóþ÷è ¿õ âèñîêó àíòèîêñèäàíòíó çäàòí³ñòü. Âèä³ëåíî é îïèñàíî ñîðòè ³ç çà-çíà÷åíèìè îçíàêàìè òà ¿õí³ì êîìïëåêñíèì ïîºäíàííÿì. Íàâåäåíî âèìîãè ïåðåðîáíî¿ ïðîìèñëîâîñò³ äî êàðòîïë³ ÿê ñèðîâèíè äëÿ âèãîòîâëåííÿ õàð÷îâèõ êàðòîïëåïðîäóêò³â. Âèñíîâêè. Îñíîâíèì êðèòåð³ºì ñïîaeèâ÷èõ âëàñòèâîñòåé ñîðòó òà â³äïîâ³äíî ïîä³ëó çà ãîñïîäàðñüêèì âèêîðèñòàííÿì º ñïîaeèâ÷à ÿê³ñòü áóëüá, çîêðåìà âì³ñò ó íèõ îñíîâíèõ ïîaeèâíèõ ðå÷îâèí òà ¿õ ñïðèÿòëèâå ïîºäíàííÿ, ï³äâèùåí³ ñìàêîâ³ òà êóë³íàðí³ ÿêîñò³, âèñîêà àíòèîêñèäàíòíà çäàòí³ñòü, ïðèäàòí³ñòü äëÿ âèãîòîâëåííÿ êàðòîïëåïðîäóêò³â òà âèêîðèñòàííÿ äëÿ òåõí³÷íèõ ïîòðåá. Ñîðòè çà ãîñïîäàðñüêèì ïðè-çíà÷åííÿì ïîä...

Purpose. To define the main criteria for adaptability and determine the adaptive capacity of different varieties of potatoes tested in Polissia and Forest-Steppe of Ukraine for use in seed production. Methods. The productive potential of potato varieties to determine overall species adaptability was analyzed in terms of yield. For this purpose, the coefficient of adaptability of varieties (CA) was used determined by their yield in the year of cultivation in ratio to the ave­rage yield of the year. Results. Over the years of research (2014–2016), under similar conditions of cultivation, the varieties responded in different ways to conditions of the environment in relation to the year of testing. The overall CA of 1.0 and higher indicates increased adaptability of the variety in the soil and climatic conditions of the growing area to changes in weather conditions during the growing season. In particular, in Polissia these are ‘Esmi’ (CA 1.12), ‘Catania’ (CA 1.06), ‘Constans’ (CA 1.03); in the Forest-Steppe – ‘Esmi’ (CA 1.16), ‘Catania’ (CA 1.12), ‘Constans’ (CA 1.00). Specific adaptive ability of varieties is manifested in high average variety yields in years favorable by weather conditions for potato cultivating. The increase in the yield of such varieties in Polissia was 0.4–1.9 t/ha, in the Forest-Steppe – 0.7–2.8 t/ha. ‘Esmi’, ‘Catania’, ‘Yavir’, ‘Constans’ belong to such varieties in Polissia, ‘Esmi’, ‘Catania’, and ‘Constans’ – in the Forest-Steppe. Conclusions. The use the coefficient of adaptability allows determining the productive capacity of a variety in specific soil and climatic conditions. The cultivation of potato varieties with increased adap­tability is a significant factor in increasing the production of high-yielding potato varieties, primarily seed material of high categories for varieties rotation and replacement. In particular, according to research results, such varieties of potatoes in Polissia and Forest-Steppe conditions are ‘Esmi’, ‘Catania’ and ‘Constans’.

Ñòàá³ë³çàö³ÿ âèðîáíèöòâà êàðòîïë³ â íåîá-õ³äíèõ îáñÿãàõ ó ð³çí³ çà ìåòåîðîëîã³÷íèìè óìîâàìè ðîêè º âàaeëèâîþ íàóêîâîþ ïðîáëåìîþ. Ðîçâ'ÿçàòè ¿¿ ìîaeëèâî øëÿõîì åôåêòèâíîãî âèêîðèñòàííÿ çíà÷íîãî íàÿâíîãî àñîðòèìåíòó ðåºñòðîâàíèõ ñîðò³â, íàñàìïåðåä íîâèõ òà òèõ, ùî ïðîõîäÿòü äåðaeàâíå ñîðòîâèïðîáóâàííÿ ÷è âèâ÷åííÿ â ñåëåêö³éíèõ ðîçñàäíèêàõ. ³äîìî, ùî é äîíèí³ ãåíåòè÷íèé ïîòåíö³àë ïðîäóêòèâíîñò³ ñîðò³â, çîêðåìà é êàðòîïë³, âèêîðèñòîâóºòüñÿ íå á³ëüøå ÿê íà 50% [1-3]. Âîäíî÷àñ, äëÿ éîãî ïîâí³øîãî âèêîðèñòàííÿ âàaeëèâèì º äîñÿãíåííÿ äîì³íóâàííÿ ãåíîòèïó íàä ñåðåäîâèùåì çà ðàõóíîê âèêîðèñòàííÿ âèñîêîïðîäóêòèâíèõ òà åêîëîã³÷íî Liudmyla Tymko http://orcid.