The article presents a study of the organization of milk production technology on the farm with tethered and tethered-boxing of cows. It has been established that one of the departments uses Dairy Plan C21 herd management software. This makes it possible to obtain comprehensive data on milk productivity, health, and behavior of each cow, group of animals, and the herd. Pre- and post-milking treatment of cows' teats with means based on a probiotic culture of Bacillus subtilis, Forticept® Udder Wash, and Zooprotect. According to the research results, data on production and sales were obtained, and indicators of quality and safety of whole raw milk from two departments were analyzed. Gross milk production for the year at section 1 with free-range boxing of cows was 1875.4 tons, the average annual yield per cow – 7381 kg, milk marketability – 96.3 %. The production figures for section № 2 with tethered animals were – 1324.2 tons, 7333 kg, and 96.5 %, respectively. The study found that the average annual amount of MAFANM in milk from cows at tethered housing was 37 ± 3.6 × 104 thousand CFU/cm3; loose-box – 35 ± 4.1 × 104 thousand CFU/m3; the number of somatic cells is 327.8 ± 28.73 and 332.1 ± 29.91 thousand cm3, respectively. In the milk of cows from section № 2 the protein content was 3.19 ± 0.067 %, fat – 3.78 ± 0.106 %, fat/protein ratio – 1.18 : 1. Slightly higher values were obtained when studying cows' milk from the sections № 1 – 3.22 ± 0.033; 3.88 ± 0.093 %, and 1.21 : 1, respectively. According to normative indicators, the fat/protein ratio is 1.2–1.4 : 1. It should be noted that deviations from these indicators indicate a violation of metabolic processes in cows. Indicators of acidity and density in cow's milk were within the normative values. According to research, no heavy metals, pesticides, radionuclides, or inhibitors have been detected in whole raw milk. Therefore, analyzing the data obtained, it should be noted that the milk produced on the farm and sold to processing enterprises meets the requirements for quality milk. According to the national standard, it is suitable for producing quality and safe products.
In the modern conditions of dairy farming, the presence of indigestible foreign bodies in the stomachs of cattle is common, which is due to many factors. In 15 cows of the farm (6 % of the total number of animals in the herd), culled due to the pathology of the digestive organs, damage to the mesh and adjacent organs was diagnosed. The largest number of indigestible foreign bodies was metal objects, which were found in 8 cows; nylon ropes, kapron nets, polyethylene bags – for 4 cows; rags and leather items – from 2 cows; gravel and pieces of concrete were found in one animal. Consumption of indigestible foreign bodies is a common occurrence in farmed cattle, which can be a significant cause of loss of productivity, premature culling, and even animal death. Proper handling of indigestible foreign objects, plastic waste on the farm should be an integral part of preventive measures for animal disease, reduction of culling and improvement of animal welfare. Comprehensive dispensation must be carried out in the following areas: determination of herd syndromes, clinical studies of animals, laboratory studies of blood, milk, urine, analysis of feeding and keeping of animals. One of the main preventive measures is the regular probing of cows for metal-carrying objects with magnetic probes, the introduction of metal object catchers. Among the workers serving the livestock industry, carry out explanatory work on the danger of spreading various indigestible objects on the territory of fodder lands and livestock farms.
The article presents the results of studies of the intake (oral administration), distribution and excretion of Tilmicosin Phosphate (active ingredient of the Tilmox 25%) from the body of healthy broiler chickens of the KOBB-500 cross. The rapid absorption of Tilmicosin Phosphate from the alimentary tract of the birds and its entry into the internal organs was established. The maximum content of Tilmicosin Phosphate was found in the lungs and liver. Only in 2 hours after the beginning of the Tilmox 25% solution application, which was 17.02 ± 0.24 and 12.78 ± 0.22 μg / g, its content in the kidneys after 26 hours was 8 25 ± 0.19 μg / g, pectoral and cardiac muscles after 52 hours - 6.19 ± 0.28 and 5.23 ± 0.39 μg / g, respectively. Consumption of Tilmox 25% solution by a healthy bird was not accompanied by the accumulation of Tilmicosin Phosphate (material accumulation), since its content in the internal organs and muscles of the bird did not depend on the duration of the drug use. During 96 hours of Tilmox 25% solution consumption by broiler chickens the maximum content of Tilmicosin Phosphate was detected in the lungs, which indicates its tissue tropism. The distribution of Tilmicosin Phosphate in maximum amounts to the lungs ("organ affinity" or "tissue tropism") is important when infectious agents are localization in the lungs of poultry, as well as for the treatment of patients with respiratory diseases of various etiology. The cessation of the use of Tilmox 25% was accompanied by a significant decrease in the content of its active substance, Tilmicosin Phosphate, in the organs under study. Twenty-four hours after the cessation of consumption the tilmox solution (120 hours of the experiment), the content of Tilmicosin Phosphate in the lungs was 1.9 times less, liver – 1.6 times, kidneys – 1.4 times, pectoral muscle - 1.7 times, cardiac muscle – 1.3 times less, compared with indicators on 96 hours of experiment. Five days after the cessation of feeding the tilmox solution to broiler chickens (216 hours of the experiment), the residual amounts of Tilmicosin Phosphate in the organs under study were: in the lungs – 1.20 ± 0.03 μg / g; liver – 1.01 ± 0.02; kidneys - 0.91 ± 0.03 μg / g. The lowest content of Tilmicosin Phosphate, during this period of research, was only in one of the three samples of the heart muscle – 0.02 μg / g, and it was not detected in the pectoral muscle. Key words: Tilmox 25 %, organs, distribution, accumulation, excretion, pharmacokinetics.
The work is devoted to analyzing literary sources and the results of public research on epizootology, epidemiology, and approaches to the fight against trichinosis – one of the most unsafe helminthiasis in animals and people. In the statistics, the primary nutrition is comprehensive, the path and the sources of invasion, the dynamics of infection of pigs and other creatures, now look at the circulation of Trichinella in nature and the biocenosis associated with humans, as well as the main directions of preventive entry. We conducted a study on the monitoring of trichinosis infestation. We found that the territory of Ukraine has a stationary unfavorable incidence of trichinosis in pigs, and the most significant number of pig carcasses infected with larvae – 76.5 % were registered in Mykolaioblast. Z'yasovanie natural causes of trichinosis, as revealed in the Transcarpathian, Mykolaiv, and Kharkiv regions. The dominating significance of the circulation of the bug is given to the invasion of the environment of the wild fauna lies the red fox. At the same time, there is an important creature in the circulation of the census between the synanthropic and natural centers. With laboratory studies of carcasses of creatures infected with Trichinella larvae, it is possible to show a significant advantage to the method of over-etching of muscles in piece stomach juice is equal to compressor trichineloscopy. These methods objectively characterize the intensity of invasion in skin creatures and show their role in the circulation of trichinosis. Due to the support of the European legislation, the first leaders are to introduce into the practice of veterinary medicine in Ukraine new methods for post-life and prosperous diagnosis of trichinosis. The system for the complex of entry into the prevention and elimination of trichinosis of creatures is guilty of including preventive measures and the prevention of endemic middle infections.
The materials of the presented research cover the issues of the spread of cestodes of cats in the Solomyansky district of Kyiv (according to the veterinary clinic Vet Alliance). After analyzing the relevant scientific literature, the epizootic situation of dipilidiosis and mesocestoidosis of cats in the metropolis was analyzed. Studies have shown that more than 50 % of parasitic diseases in cats occur in associated forms, among which the most common are toxocariasis, dipilidiosis, mesocestoidosis, ktenocephalidosis (flea infestation) and otodectosis. The monoform of invasions occurred only in 14.7 % of registered cases. The spread of diplidiosis and mesocestoidosis was characterized by seasonality – the peak of the lesion cats were observed in September-October. The most susceptible to infection Dipylidium caninum and Mesocestoides lineatus were kittens under the age of six months. The clinical condition and hematological parameters of kittens with dipilidiosis were also studied. Depression, anemia of the conjunctiva and mucous membranes of the nose and mouth, indigestion, dry cough were found. All cats had dull fur, and numerous dark brown spots and live fleas were observed on the skin, especially in the lumbar region. These data indicate a violation of erythropoiesis in feline dipilidiosis, which was characterized by erythrocytopenia and leukocytosis. Significant eosinophilia, an increase in the number of rod-shaped, and a decrease in segmental neutrophils were also found compared with clinically healthy animals. The results of biochemical blood tests of sick cats were important to clarify the features of the pathogenesis of dipilidiosis. Changes in blood biochemical parameters were characterized by a probably reduced content of hemoglobin, total protein and albumin. This indicates not only a violation of erythropoiesis, but also a violation of the protein-synthesizing function of the liver, because the pathological process involves various organs and systems of the body. Key words: feline dipilidiosis, feline mesocestoidosis, prevalence, clinical condition, hematological parameters, pulse rate, mucosal anemia, indigestion.
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