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Differentiated promotion, targeted measures, and scientific planning are the scientific procedure for implementing the strategy of rural revitalization. Using the cases of 99 model villages of the beautiful countryside program in China, this study built a database of"successful cases" for rural development, and then endogenous and exogenous element-combination information of rural development was extracted. Furthermore, a rural revitalization diagnosis system was constructed to classify the rural areas by the projection pursuit classification method. The results show that: (1) Livelihood resources, industrial base, location and transportation, cultural/ecological environment, and market demand are important basic elements for successful rural development, among which market demand is the exogenous element and the others are endogenous elements for rural development, but the most important element of all is livelihood resources. (2) The potential of rural revitalization is affected by the structure of element combination directly, and 10 types of combinations were identified from the successful cases. The combination of excellent livelihood resources, location and transportation advantages, healthy cultural/ecological environment, and lack of industrial infrastructure is of the highest potential for rural development. (3) Based on the endowment of element-combination, the rural revitalization diagnosis system includes an evaluation system and a classification system, and the rural areas were divided into priority revitalization, preparatory revitalization, preservation, and resettlement types. Rural revitalization in China must take into consideration actual local conditions and implement the program in an orderly and differentiated manner, avoiding the mistakes of focusing only on individual villages or revitalizing every village.

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