Aim:The aim of this study is to explain the effects and mechanism of resveratrol to improve atherosclerosis in vivo study.Methods: SD rats were divided randomly into control group, vascular calcification model group and treatment group. Vascular calcification models were made by subcutaneous injection of warfarin plus vitamin K1 for two weeks. Rats in the treatment group were subcutaneously injected with resveratrol ( 10 mg/kg) at the end of the first week and consecutively for two weeks．We observed the morphological changes by HE staining and the calcium deposition by Alizarin red staining in the artery vascular wall．The AT1R, RUNX2 and BMP2 proteins expressions were evaluated by WB assay. The apoptosis of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) were detected by TUNEL. Results:The aortic vascular calcification was induced by warfarin and vitamin K1. Compared with the vascular calcification model group，the protein expressions of AT1R, BMP2 and RUNX2 were significantly downregulated in the aorta in the resveratrol treatment group． Furthermore, the apoptosis of SMCs was obviously decreased in resveratrol treatment group． Conclusion: Resveratrol inhibited apoptosis of SMCs via regulation AT1R; It downregulates the BMP2 and RUNX2 expressions in the vascular calcification process． advbiomed.0005.