Plant diversity has important ecosystem function in forest ecosystem. Forest restoration approaches can impact plant diversity, especially the understory plant diversity. We studied the floristic characteristics, plant community structure and diversity of three forest restoration approaches in red soil region of southern China, which included introduced species slash pine (Pinus elliottii) plantations, native species Masson pine (Pinus massoniana) plantations and natural secondary forests. For each forest restoration approach, a total of 15 independent plots were surveyed. On each plot, three 10 m 伊 10 m subplots of area were surveyed for trees忆 abundance, height and diameter at breast height. Within each tree subplot, one to two shrub quadrates (5 m 伊 5 m) and one to three herb quadrates (1 m 伊 1 m) were surveyed for plant species abundance. A total of 127 tree subplots, 238 shrub subplots and 357 herb subplots were effectively surveyed for plant community structure. The results showed that: (1) 155 species (which belong to 160 genera and 86 families) , 137 species (which belong to 97 genera, 59 families) and 226 species (which belong to 160 genera, 86 families) were identified in

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To evaluate the effects of ciprofloxacin (CIP) residues on the microbiological characteristics of soil, the microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and carbon鄄source metabolic functions of the soil microbial communities exposed to CIP were studied by the method of chloroform fumigation extraction and Biolog technology. The results showed that the content of MBC of groups treated with CIP (w CIP 逸 0. 1滋g / g) were significantly distinguished from that of CK, and they were decreased with the increasing concentration of CIP in soil, the content of MBC in soil exposed to 100滋g / g CIP decreased 58. 69%. Moreover, the carbon鄄source metabolic functions of the soil microbial communities exposed to CIP significantly decreased, too. Under the application of CIP, the microbial utilization rate of carbon sources, including carbohydrates,

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