No abstract

Ecosystem services are benefits humans derive from natural ecosystems, which include provisioning services, regulating services, supporting services and cultural services. However, ecosystem services are undergoing degradation with the population growth and economic development. Moreover the increase of ecosystem provisioning services usually is at the expense of the other services, especially the regulating services. One of the great challenges faced by the decision鄄makers was that how to tradeoff the multiple ecosystem services through the informed management. We map seven ecosystem services (agricultural production, biodiversity conservation, water conservation, soil retention, carbon sequestration, water provisioning and pollination) in Baiyangdian watershed and analyze their tradeoffs based on the scenario analysis by using InVEST models, which enable decision鄄makers to assess the tradeoffs associated with alternative choices and to identify areas where investment in natural capital can enhance human development and conservation in terrestrial, freshwater, and