Vitamin D is a kind of fat soluble vitamin, which is essential for human body. In addition to the classical effect of regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism, it can also participate in the cellular and humoral immune process by regulating the growth, differentiation and metabolism of immune cells. In recent years, a large number of studies have shown that vitamin D deficiency will increase the incidence of respiratory diseases. Respiratory diseases mainly include bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, tuberculosis, acute upper respiratory tract infection and pneumonia. Vitamin D metabolic pathway genes play a very important regulatory role in the process of transforming vitamin D into active vitamin D, mainly including cyp2r1, CYP27B1, cyp24a1, VDBP, VDR five genes. Genetic polymorphism of genes is the molecular basis of individual differences and disease development. This paper summarized the research on single nucleotide polymorphisms of vitamin D metabolic pathway gene and respiratory related diseases, and provided new ideas for future treatment.