The purposes of this study were to develop an instrument to measure high school students' systems thinking and to validate the scale. The scale of systems thinking was made up for 5 factors -systems thinking, mental model, shared vision, personal mastery, and team learning through analyses of related literature. Six items per factor were constructed and the scale consisted of a total of 30 items for the pretest. After exploratory factor analysis, the number of total items was reduced to 20 items. For the main test, 280 students were sampled from high school and analyzed valid cases were 260 students. The finding of the exploratory factor analysis indicated 5 factors in the model, and 4 items per single factor. The result of confirmatory factor analysis was generally appropriate and acceptable (5 factor model: χ 2 /df=1.275, TLI=.946, CFI=.959, RMSEA=.033). The reliability for 20 items turned out to be reliable because the Cronbach's alphas were .840 and .604~.723 per each factor. This study should be expanded to various school levels and should be standardized for further research. The subsequent studies regarding diverse learning program development and implementation and the verification on the students' impact within the developed program can be recommended.

Optical image stabilization is a technique to compensate the image blurring caused by some vibrations of camera at the exposure time. Pitching and yawing of camera are sensitive to the image quality so they are usually compensated by optical image stabilization. Corresponding pitching and yawing of a camera, a lens or the image sensor is translated in two-axis direction and then the optical path of camera is adjusted. In this paper, two-axis OIS actuator for mobile camera module is suggested and designed. The actuator is a voice-coil actuator that uses the electromagnetic force of voice-coil to make compensation motions. And ball bearing is used to reduce friction force. Magnetic attractive force between magnets and yokes acts as a preload and magnet springs. Prototype actuator is fabricated to measure the friction force and to verify the feasibility of the OIS actuator with ball bearing. At last, the actuator is improved in consideration of driving force and friction force. Design of experiments is used for designing the actuator.

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