Green tea and tea polyphenols have been studied extensively as cancer chemopreventive agents in recent years. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is widely recognized as a powerful antioxidant and a free radical scavenger. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of green tea catechins (GTC) on the Bleomycin-and Cyclophosphamide-induced cytotoxicity. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. In the protective effect of GTC, the cell viability was significantly increased by the treatment of GTC. Furthermore, GTC showed the higher protective effect than EGCG and vitamin E. These results suggest that GTC has the protective effect which is related to the prevention of cancer. Our studies show that the continuous presence of EGCG can reduce radical-induced DNA damage in Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cells (CHL cells).Keywords: GTC, Bleomycin, Cyclophosphamide, Cytotoxicity

Objectives: This study analyzed, through network analysis and data mining analysis, the relationship between herbs used in osteoporosis prescriptions, diversified the analysis of osteoporosis-related prescriptions, and analyzed the combination of herbs used in osteoporosis-related prescriptions.Methods: The prescriptions used in osteoporosis treatment and experiments were established by conducting a full survey of the papers published by the OASIS site. A database for osteoporosis-related prescriptions was established, herbs were extracted, and the frequency of frequent herbs and prescriptions were investigated using Excel (MS offices ver. 2013). Using the freeware R version 4.0.3 (2020-10-10), igraph, and arules package, network analysis was performed in the first second of prescription composition.Results: Among the osteoporosis-related prescriptions, the most studied prescriptions are as follows.: <i>Yukmijihwang-tang</i> (六味地黃湯) and <i>Samul-tang</i> (四物湯). In the osteoporosis prescription network, herbs with connection centrality, proximity centrality, mediation centrality, and eigenvector centrality appeared in the order of Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Poria Sclerotium, Paeoniae Radix, and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. After extracting the herbal combination network, including the corresponding herbs, and clustering it, it can be divided into drugs of the <i>Yukmijihwang-tang</i> (六味地黃湯) series and the <i>Samul-tang</i> (四物湯).Conclusions: This study could assist researchers in diversifyingy formula analysis in future studies. Moreover, the herbal combination used in osteoporosis prescriptions could be used to search for osteoporosis prescriptions in other databases or to create a new prescription.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the relaxation effects and underlying mechanisms of Cynomorii herba (CH) extract in isolated rabbit corpus cavernous tissues. Methods: We experimented with CH extract (0.01-3.0 mg/mL). Nω-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) was experimented before the CH extract to contracted strips induced by phenylephrine (PE, 1 μM)and compared with nonexperimented. In addition, we experimented with calcium chloride (Ca 2+ , 1 mM) after pretreatment of the CH extract in Ca 2+-free Krebs-Ringer solution to contracted strips induced by PE. The cell viability and nitric oxide (NO) concentration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were measured by an methylthiazol-2-yl-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazoliumbromide (MTT) assay and Griess reagent system. The ratio of smooth muscles to collagen fibers, in addition to eNOS-and PDE-5-positive reactions, was examined by histochemical and immunohistochemical staining. Results: The CH extract significantly induced the relaxation of the cavernous strips, and the pretreatment with L-NNA inhibited CH extract-induced relaxation. The L-NNA pretreatment reduced the increased contraction induced by the addition of Ca 2+ in Ca 2+-free solution. Furthermore, the NO concentration of the HUVECs increased. When the CH extract was applied to the corpus cavernosum of the penis (CCP) of Sprague Dawley rats, the ratio of smooth muscles to collagen fibers by PE and the formation of eNOS around the helicine artery increased. However, the CH extract treatment decreased PDE-5 positive reactions. Conclusions: These results show that the relaxation effects induced by the CH extract are associated with the suppression of the influx of extracellular Ca 2+ via the production of NO and eNOS and inhibition of PDE-5.

Objectives: The purpose of this review is to assess the efficacy and safety of <i>Hwangryunhaedok-tang</i> for type 2 diabetes without complications by systemic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).Methods: We searched the following up to March 31. 2021: PubMed, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, CiNii, KISS, KMBASE, OASIS, ScienceON. Data extraction and assessment of Cochrane’s risk of bias (RoB) tool were performed by two independent authors, and if there was disagreement between two researchers, it was resolved through the intervention of a third researcher.Results: A total of seven trials are included in this systemic review. The treatment group (<i>Hwangryunhaedok-tang</i> plus conventional treatment) showed more statistically significant effects than did the control group (conventional treatment only) in fasting plasma glucose level, 2-hour postprandial plasma glucose level, glycated hemoglobin A1c, fasting insulin level, and HOMA-IR. There was no significant difference between the treatment group (<i>Hwangryunhaedok-tang</i> alone) and the control group (metformin alone).Conclusion: <i>Hwangryunhaedok-tang</i> might have efficacy and safety in controlling blood sugar level and improving insulin-resistance. However, the number of studies included in the meta-analysis was insufficient, and the <i>Hwangryunhaedok-tang</i> used in the included studies was not standardized. Also, the quality of the involved studies was generally low. Therefore, further studies are needed to determine the efficacy and safety of <i>Hwangryunhaedok-tang</i> treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus.