Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the influence of acculturative stress and ego-resiliency on the relationship between peer victimization and school adjustment of children in multi-cultural families. Specifically, the mediating effect of acculturative stress and the moderating effect of egoresiliency were examined in the relationship between peer victimization and school adjustment. Methods: The research subjects for the first year panel survey conducted by the National Youth Policy Institute were 1,635 children of multi-cultural families completed self-report questionnaires designed to assess peer victimization, acculturative stress, ego-resiliency, and school adjustment. Data were analyzed for the moderated mediating effect between variables using PROCESS Macro methods. Results: First, acculturative stress partially mediated the relationship between peer victimization and school adjustment. Second, ego-resiliency significantly moderated the relationship between peer victimization and acculturative stress. Namely significantly suggested that peer victimization was more weakly associated with acculturative stress as ego-resiliency was strengthen. Lastly, the mediating effect of acculturative stress was moderated by ego-resiliency in the relation between peer victimization and school adjustment. Conclusion: Methods are suggested to improve school adjustment of children from multi-cultural families.

This study investigated the effects of a mixture of fenugreek seeds and Lespedeza cuneata extracts on testosterone synthesis in TM3 cells that were oxidatively stressed with H 2 O 2 . In order to oxidatively stress TM3 cells, the cells were treated with 50 μM hydrogen peroxide for 4 hr in serum-free media. Yagwanmun-horopa mixture (YHM) showed neither cytotoxicity nor increment of cell proliferation in the oxidatively stressed TM3 cells in any concentration. When the cells were treated with hydrogen peroxide, testosterone levels decreased, but the testosterone level was returned to that of the control level in the presence of YHM. In order to find out the reasons for the increase of testosterone, the expression of the genes involved in the synthesis or disintegration of testosterone. On the other hand, the levels of 3β-HSD4 and 17, 20-desmorase, which are involved in testosterone synthesis, were decreased through the use of hydrogen peroxide and were recovered through YHM treatment. Aromatase and 5α-reductase2, which convert testosterone to estradiol and dihydrotestosterone, respectively, were increased through the use of hydrogen peroxide, and were returned to control level through YHM treatment. These results suggest that YHM does not affect TM3 cell proliferation. However, YHM increases the expression of testosterone-synthesizing enzyme, which was decreased through oxidative stress, and decreases the expression of testosterone-converting enzyme, which was increased through oxidative stress. Therefore, it is reasonable that YHM has strong recovery activity on testosterone to normal level, even in the oxidatively stressed TM3 cells which mimics the andropause state.

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Objectives: This study considers the direct effects of familial support, social participation, and psychological well-being on the parenting efficacy of Vietnamese married immigrant women in rural South Korea. It also examines the indirect effects of social participation and psychological wellbeing, which mediate familial support and parenting efficacy. Methods: Questionnaires were administered to 198 married immigrant women from Vietnam who resided in rural communities across 20 cities in 9 provinces of South Korea, and data were analyzed to examine sequential mediation effects among variables using PROCESS MACRO methods. Results: Firstly, familial support had significant direct effects on parenting efficacy. Secondly, familial support indirectly affected parenting efficacy by mediating psychological well-being and yielding sequential mediation effects on social participation and psychological well-being. Conclusion: These findings indicate that it is necessary to adopt an integrated approach when analyzing the parenting efficacy of specific communities that considers personal psychological variables, familial relationships, and social relationships; this will lead to a more comprehensive understanding of and implications for the parenting efficacy of Vietnamese married immigrant women, who comprise the majority of rural residents.Keywords : married immigrant women, familial support, social participation, psychological wellbeing, parenting efficacy 1 , 2 , 3 ORCID In Ok Park