The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome, is rapidly increasing in Korean populations and is estimated to reach 39% among Korean adults. NAFLD is one of the strongest risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and the presence of NAFLD in T2DM patients is associated with a worse natural course of diabetic complications. The gold standard for diagnosing NAFLD is liver biopsy, which involves sampling error, high cost, and other disadvantages related to its invasive nature. We summarize non-invasive diagnostic NAFLD algorithms including biomarkers and four major imaging tools (ultrasonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and liver FibroScan Ⓡ ) for diagnosing NAFLD including hepatic fibrosis. To prevent NASH (nonalcoholic steatohepatitis) or liver fibrosis, a combination of lifestyle modification with a low caloric diet and exercise, anti-diabetic agents, and non-anti-diabetic agents should be applied.

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