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Background : In stage II rectal cancer, it has remained controversial whether patients get the benefit from adjuvant treatment after curative resection. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prognostic factors of stage II rectal cancer. Methods : From October 2000 to December 2008, 200 patients with stage II rectal cancer underwent surgery at National Cancer Center. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were performed to determine the prognostic factors in stage II rectal cancer.Results : In stage II rectal cancer, 5-year overall survival and disease free survival were 89.2% and 89.0%, respectively. For overall survival, there was no significant prognostic factor in multivariable analysis. For diseasefree survival, tumor differentiation and circumferential resection margin were significant prognostic factors in multivariable analysis.Conclusion : Tumor differentiation and circumference resection margin are independent prognostic factors in disease free survival of stage II rectal cancer. Adjuvant treatment may be considered in patients with these factors.