1-Disulfo-[2,2-bipyridine]-1,1-diium chloride ionic liquid as an efficient catalyst for the green synthesis of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles

Green Synthesis of Aromatic Nitrogen-Containing Heterocycles by Catalytic and Non-Traditional Activation Methods

“…No further purification was necessary. Gholizadeh and coworkers have developed a novel protocol for a [2+3] cycloaddition reaction catalyzed by an ionic liquid system to synthesize 5-substituted 1 H -tetrazole derivatives ( Scheme 7 b) [ 92 ]. Ionic liquids are considered as easily available, non-volatile and non-flammable materials with good thermal and chemical stability.…”

Tetrazole: A privileged scaffold for the discovery of anticancer agents

“…Montmorillonite KSF is a non-toxic catalyst that can be used multiple times without losing activity. Similarly, nitriles were also reacted with sodium azide (1:1) in ethylene glycol (green solvent) for 1.5 h at 80°C in the presence of 1-disulfo-[2,2-bipyridin e]-1,1-diium chloride (0.04 g) ionic liquid as catalyst to produce 5-substituted-1H-tetrazole 80%-99% (Scheme 9; Aali et al, 2022). This approach is advantageous since it uses a green solvent, catalyst is easy to prepare, inexpensive, reaction conditions are moderate, and reaction time is fast.…”

Supramolecular Cu(ii) nanoparticles supported on a functionalized chitosan containing urea and thiourea bridges as a recoverable nanocatalyst for efficient synthesis of 1H-tetrazoles

“…111 Different catalytic systems have been used in this approach during different decades. Some recent examples consist of the use of zinc( ii ) salts, 112 copper( i ) salt, 113 MCM-41-SO 3 H, 114 Fe 3 O 4 @ l -lysine-Pd(0), 115 FeCl 3 –SiO 2 , 116 Zn/Al hydrotalcite, 117 Amberlyst-15 118,119 and urea-bridged PMO supporting Cu( ii ) nanoparticles 73 mostly at high temperatures or dialkyl aluminum azides, as the substrate, in the presence of an appropriate catalyst. Indeed, many of these methods suffer from drawbacks for example the use of costly catalytic systems, undesirable yields, the use of toxic and carcinogenic solvents including DMF, long reaction times, and no recycling of the catalyst despite their merits.…”