[10]-Gingerol induces mitochondrial apoptosis through activation of MAPK pathway in HCT116 human colon cancer cells

Abstract

The present study was designed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of [10]-gingerol activity against HCT116 human colon cancer cells. [10]-Gingerol inhibited the proliferation of HCT116 cells by 50% at a concentration of 30 μM, and this inhibition was dose-dependent accompanied by the morphological changes indicative of apoptosis. Furthermore, flow cytometric analysis showed that [10]-gingerol increased DNA in the sub-G1 phase of the cell cycle, and the extent of apoptosis was confirmed by Annexin V and PI double staining. Analysis of the mechanism of these events indicated that [10]-gingerol-treated cells exhibited an increased ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, resulting in the activation of caspase-9, caspase-3, and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase in a dose-dependent manner, which are hallmarks of apoptosis. Moreover, [10]-gingerol-induced apoptosis was accompanied by phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) family, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 MAPK (p38), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). This is the first report to demonstrate the cytotoxic effect of [10]-gingerol on human colon cancer cells, as well as the first to describe its possible chemotherapeutic potentials.

Hyperoside and rutin of Nelumbo nucifera induce mitochondrial apoptosis through a caspase-dependent mechanism in HT-29 human colon cancer cells

“…Increased understanding of cancer has led to the development of numerous novel anticancer agents and associated natural therapies, a variety of which clinically target the inhibition of cancer cells, but not normal cells; however, numerous anticancer agents are also toxic to normal cells. Therefore, novel agents that are derived from natural sources, which specifically target colorectal cancer but have a decreased toxicity for normal colonic epithelial cells, hold enormous potential (20). Apoptosis is an extremely important phenomenon due to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis by the regulation of cell division and cell death (29).…”

“…Western blot analyses were performed, as previously described (20). The cells were cultured, harvested and lysed on ice for 30 min in lysis buffer (120 mM NaCl; 40 mM Tris, pH 8.0; 0.1% nonyl phenoxypolyethoxylethanol) and were then centrifuged at 13,000 x g for 15 min.…”

“…Numerous previous studies aimed to identify anticancer components from natural sources (20)(21)(22)(23). Therefore, the effects of hyperoside and rutin on the proliferation and apoptosis in HT-29 human colon cancer cells, through activity-guided fractionation and isolation methods, are investigated in the present study.…”

Moringa oleifera fruit induce apoptosis via reactive oxygen species-dependent activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases in human melanoma A2058 cells

“…Western blot analyses were performed as previously described (22). The cells were cultured, harvested and lysed on ice for 30 min in lysis buffer (120 mM NaCl, 40 mM, pH 8.0, and 0.1% nonyl phenoxypolyethoxylethanol) and were then centrifuged at 13,000 x g for 15 min at 4˚C.…”

Induction of Apoptosis withKigelia africanafruits in HCT116 Human Colon Cancer Cells via MAPKs Signaling Pathway

“…Therefore, new agents are, in particular, intended for cancer, with low toxicity for normal colon epithelial cells, and constantly hold a great efficacy in the study to find natural resources. 19 Cancer is an abnormal growth of cells caused by uncontrolled proliferation. Apoptosis is a very important phenomenon due to its maintenance of cellular homeostasis by regulating cell division and cell death.…”