133Xe inhalation method for measuring cerebral blood flow in conscious baboons.

Sakai, Fumihiko; Meyer, John Stirling; Yamaguchi, Fumie; Yamamoto, Masahiro; Shaw, Terry

doi:10.1161/01.str.10.3.310

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The l33Xe inhalation technique has been used exten sively to study the cerebrovascular effects of a wide vari ety of drugs [57], The technique, however, measures only cortical perfusion [35,58] and it is quite possible that amphetamine acts primarily on subcortical structures [59] . An alternate explanation will be that posttime am phetamine reduction in cortical flow represents suppres sion of the cortex, which normally inhibits subcortical centers involved in the induction of feelings of elation and disinhibition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Cerebral Blood Flow and Mental State after Amphetamine Challenge in Schizophrenic Patients

Mathew

Wilson²

1989

Neuropsychobiology

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Changes in regional cerebral blood flow and behavioral and physiological indices were monitored after intravenous administration of d-amphetamine sulfate and placebo in groups of patients with schizophrenia and normal volunteers. Amphetamine administration was associated with decreased anxiety, emotional withdrawal, depressed mood, blunted affect and increased excitement in the patients. Subjects who received amphetamine showed significant increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and reduction in end-tidal carbon dioxide. Post-amphetamine cerebral blood flow was decreased equally in both patients and controls. The blood flow change, however, did not show any regional variations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Cerebral Blood Flow and Mental State after Amphetamine Challenge in Schizophrenic Patients

Mathew

Wilson²

1989

Neuropsychobiology

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“…In the present communication flow values were calculated from the head curves for g activity, since the perpendicular application of the probes to the scalp with moderate compression significantly reduces scalp flow contamination 21 and flow values calculated from g head curves were shown to be in good agreement with flow values obtained by the intraarterial injection method. 22 Nevertheless, an estimate of percentage of extracerebral flow contribution using the extracerebral flow index (EFI) calculated by the spectrum subtraction technique 11 was always determined in each of the study groups. The contamination of the head clearance curves by the radioactivity derived from air passages and sinuses in this laboratory has been shown to be less than 6%.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormal Cerebrovascular Reactivity in Patients with Migraine and Cluster Headache

Sakai¹,

Meyer²

1979

Headache

121

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SYNOPSIS Cerebral vasomotor responsiveness to 5% CO 2 or 100% 0 2 inhalation or hyperventilation was tested in groups of patients with either migraine or cluster headache. Regional cerebral blood flow was measured by the 133 Xe inhalation method before and during hypercapnia, hypocapnia or hyperoxia. A series of 79 headache patients were tested (18 classic, I complicated, 37 common, 16 cluster and 7 muscle contraction). For purposes of comparison, cerebral vasomotor responsiveness was likewise tested in 48 age and sex matched healthy volunteers. CO 2 responsiveness was expressed as D%Fg (gray matter blood flow) per mmHg PECO 2 (end‐tidal CO 2 tension). Normal response was 3.6 ± 0.8% during 5% CO 2 inhalation and 3.0 ± 0.9% during hyperventilation. Inhalation of 100% O 2 inhalation reduced mean hemispheric Fg by 9.4 ± 5.4%. During the prodrome of migraine (N = 1) there was bilateral impairment of hemispheric CO 2 responsiveness. During the headache phase of migraine (N = 5) CO 2 responsiveness was impaired throughout both hemispheres but recovery occurred 24 hours after headache had subsided. During the headache‐free interval of migraine (N = 21) there was excessive cerebrovascular CO 2 responsiveness (5.1 ± 2.2%). The cerebral hemisphere on the side of predominant head pain showed significantly greater excessive CO 2 response than the “non‐headache” hemisphere. During cluster headache (N = 2) hemispheric CO 2 responsiveness was similarly impaired, but returned to normal immediately after the headache subsided. Unlike migraineurs, during cluster headache the cerebral vasoconstrictive response to 100% O 2 was excessive with marked reduction of Fg (33 ± 11%), with relief of headache. Two different types of abnormality in cerebral vascular receptor sites are hypothesized, which make it possible to differentiate migraine from cluster headache.

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“…Cerebral hemispheric and brain stem blood flow measurements in baboons have been extrapolated to humans with the use of 133 xenon inhalation techniques. 16,17 Finally, humanized antibodies can be tested in primates and effective dosing determined with greater accuracy.…”

Section: See Editorial Comment Page 3063mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Modified Transorbital Baboon Model of Reperfused Stroke

Huang

Mocco

Choudhri

et al. 2000

Stroke

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Background and Purpose-Although pathophysiological studies of focal cerebral ischemia in nonhuman primates can provide important information not obtainable in rodent models, primate experimentation is limited by considerations of cost, availability, effort, and ethics. A reproducible and quantitative model that minimizes the number of animals necessary to detect differences between treatment groups is therefore crucial. Methods-Eight male baboons (weight, 22Ϯ2 kg) underwent left transorbital craniectomy followed by 1 hour of temporary ipsilateral internal carotid artery occlusion at the level of the anterior choroidal artery together with bilateral temporary occlusion of both anterior cerebral arteries (A1) proximal to the anterior communicating artery. A tightly controlled nitrous oxide-narcotic anesthetic allowed for intraoperative motor evoked potential confirmation of middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory ischemia. Animals survived to 72 hours or 10 days if successfully self-caring. Outcomes were assessed with a 100-point neurological grading system, and infarct volume was quantified by planimetric analysis of both MRI and triphenyltetrazolium chloride-stained sections. Results-Infarction volumes (on T2-weighted images) were 32Ϯ7% (meanϮSEM) of the ipsilateral hemisphere, and neurological scores averaged 29Ϯ9. All animals demonstrated evidence of hemispheric infarction, with damage evident in both cortical and subcortical regions in the MCA vascular territory. Histologically determined infarction volumes differed by Ͻ3% and correlated with absolute neurological scores (rϭ0.9, Pϭ0.003). Conclusions-Transorbital temporary occlusion of the entire anterior cerebral circulation with strict control of physiological parameters can reliably produce reperfused MCA territory infarction. The magnitude of the resultant infarct with little interanimal variability diminishes the potential number of animals required to distinguish between 2 treatment regimens. The anatomic distribution of the infarct and associated functional deficits offer comparability to human hemispheric strokes. (Stroke. 2000;31:3054-3063.)

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133Xe inhalation method for measuring cerebral blood flow in conscious baboons.

Cited by 20 publications

References 16 publications

Changes in Cerebral Blood Flow and Mental State after Amphetamine Challenge in Schizophrenic Patients

Changes in Cerebral Blood Flow and Mental State after Amphetamine Challenge in Schizophrenic Patients

Abnormal Cerebrovascular Reactivity in Patients with Migraine and Cluster Headache

A Modified Transorbital Baboon Model of Reperfused Stroke

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