2-Year Study of Chemical Composition of Bulk Deposition in a South China Coastal City:  Comparison with East Asian Cities

Wai, Ka Ming; Tanner, Peter A.; Tam, C.W.F.

doi:10.1021/es048897d

Cited by 38 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Under the current national monitoring networks, only general urban air quality parameters and rainwater pH are measured, whereas little effort has been invested in determining the chemistry of the pollutants (Tang et al, 2010). Rapid advances have been made in recent years in the investigation of the chemical constituents responsible for the variations in precipitation pH (Huang et al, 2008;Sun et al, 2010;Tsai et al, 2011;Wai et al, 2005;Yang et al, 2012a), but most studies have been limited to a single site/year. Acid deposition can occur via the dry deposition of gases and particles and by wet deposition from rain, snow, clouds and fog (Flechard et al, 2011).…”

Section: Y P Pan Et Al: Wet and Dry Deposition Of Sulfur In Northementioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial distribution and temporal variations of atmospheric sulfur deposition in Northern China: insights into the potential acidification risks

et al. 2013

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Abstract. Atmospheric sulfur (S) deposition via precipitation, particles and gases was investigated at ten sites in Northern China. Measurements were performed continuously between December 2007 and November 2010. The total S deposition flux in the target area ranged from 35.0 to 100.7 kg S ha −1 yr −1 , noticeably higher than the values documented in Europe, North America, and East Asia. The tensite, 3-yr average total S deposition was 64.8 kg S ha −1 yr −1 , with 68 % attributed to dry deposition (mainly SO 2 ) and the rest to wet deposition. Consequently, the spatial distribution of the total flux was consistent to that of dry deposition, that is, higher values were observed at industrial and urban sites than at agricultural and rural sites. However, the seasonal variation in the total S deposition was not obvious across the entire year because of opposite seasonal trends in wet and dry deposition. It was found that the wet deposition, without significant spatial and interannual differences, was influenced by the volume of precipitation, the air-column concentrations of S compounds and in-cloud scavenging. Similar to the wet deposition, the dry-deposited sulfate was also less dependent on the surface concentration. Nevertheless, the regional differences in SO 2 dry deposition were mostly explained by the ambient concentration, which is closely associated with local emissions. As expected, the spatial pattern of total S deposition resembled that of the emission inventory, indicating the dramatic anthropogenic imprints on the regional S budget. Although at most of the study sites the "acid equivalents" deposition of S was comparable to that of nitrogen (N), the importance of S in the acidification risks was more pronounced at the industrial sites. The ten-site, 3-yr mean total "acid equivalents" deposition of S and N was estimated to be 8.4 (range: 4.2-11.6) keq ha −1 yr −1 , which exceeds the critical loads for natural ecosystems in Northern China. Taking these findings and our previous studies together, a multipollutant perspective and joint mitigation strategies to abate SO 2 and NH 3 simultaneously in the target area are recommended to protect natural ecosystems from excess acid deposition.

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Section: Y P Pan Et Al: Wet and Dry Deposition Of Sulfur In Northementioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial distribution and temporal variations of atmospheric sulfur deposition in Northern China: insights into the potential acidification risks

et al. 2013

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“…Raciti et al (2011) stated that NO 3 − was attributed to anthropogenic sources and urban development. Normally, the phenomenon of acid rain is due to the presence of high concentrations of SO 2 and NO 2 in the atmosphere (Al- Momani et al, 1995;Wai et al, 2005;Norela et al, 2009;Song and Gao, 2009) which indicates that the occurrence of fossil fuel combustion was dominant over mobile sources (Satyanarayana et al, 2011).…”

Section: Anions and Cations In Rainwatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Compositions of Dust Fall around Semi-Urban Areas in Malaysia

Alahmr

Othman

Wahid

et al. 2012

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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This study aimed to determine the amount and composition of dust fall in semi-urban areas in Selangor, Malaysia from mid-July to mid-October 2010. The dust fall samples (a combination of dry and wet deposition) through rainwater were collected using polyethylene bottles on a monthly basis so as to determine the concentration of total solids, soluble and insoluble solids from eight monitoring stations. Zn was recorded as the dominant heavy metal in rainwater followed by Fe, Al, Pb, Cd and Cr. This study suggests that sea salts, earth crust and anthropogenic activities such as motor vehicles were the main sources of dust fall in the study areas.

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“…Although there is a growing body of reports showing the present-day situations on precipitation chemical composition in both urban and rural regions throughout China (Wai et al, 2005;Larssen et al, 2006;Aas et al, 2007;Zhang et al, 2007;Huang et al, 2010;Wang and Han, 2011;Li et al, 2012), to our knowledge, in China very few studies so far have addressed the long-term patterns of acid rain, N and S deposition, particularly after the policy of SO 2 emission abatement was put into effect. Some pressing questions remain unanswered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-decade changes in chemical composition of precipitation in Guangzhou city, southern China: has precipitation recovered from acidification following sulphur dioxide emission control?

Fang

Wang

Zhu

et al. 2013

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

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We examined if precipitation had recovered from acidification in Guangzhou, the third biggest city in China, and if sulphur deposition in precipitation had decreased, and to what extent if yes, following abatement strategies in sulphur dioxide (SO2) emission and energy use implemented since 2001. SO2 emissions were decreasing steadily since 2001, but a marked recovery of precipitation acidity occurred only since 2005; precipitation pH values decreased from 4.65 in 2001 to 4.34 in 2005 and then increased to 5.08 in 2010, while in the same period acid rain (pH<5.6) frequency increased from 70% to 81% and then decreased to 48%. During this period, the change in pH value and sulphate concentration more reflected the patterns of SO2 emission at provincial and national scales than at the local scale, suggesting that precipitation chemical composition was largely controlled by the emissions of pollutants from surrounding areas of the study city. Since 2001, sulphate deposition in precipitation decreased significantly (by 40%) but nitrogen deposition remained unaltered. More importantly, the current sulphur (43 kg S ha−1 yr−1 as sulphate) and nitrogen depositions (35 kg N ha−1 yr−1 as ammonium plus nitrate in 2010) were still among the highest in China. These results highlight the fact that ambient sulphur and nitrogen deposition still pose a threat to the health of both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Precipitation may become more acidified in the future because the deposition of alkaline dusts containing calcium is also likely to decrease with stricter SO2 emission control policy and reduced construction activities. Additionally, we recommend that a reduction of emissions of nitrogen and chlorine bearing pollutants is urgently required for complete control on acid deposition

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2-Year Study of Chemical Composition of Bulk Deposition in a South China Coastal City: Comparison with East Asian Cities

Cited by 38 publications

References 24 publications

Spatial distribution and temporal variations of atmospheric sulfur deposition in Northern China: insights into the potential acidification risks

Spatial distribution and temporal variations of atmospheric sulfur deposition in Northern China: insights into the potential acidification risks

Compositions of Dust Fall around Semi-Urban Areas in Malaysia

Three-decade changes in chemical composition of precipitation in Guangzhou city, southern China: has precipitation recovered from acidification following sulphur dioxide emission control?

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